Download - Nour Al Maaref International School

2nd Term Final
Revision Sheet
 Students Name: __________________________________________
 Grade: 10 –A/B
 Subject: Biology

Teacher Signature
________________
Page 1 of 12
Biology Worksheet (2nd Term)
Chapter-17 ( The tree of life ) Lesson-3 & 4
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
_____ 1. What do molecular clocks use to measure evolutionary time?
a. dichotomous keys
b. mutation rates
c. physical characteristics
d. binomial nomenclature
_____ 2. Which of the following has the lowest mutation rate?
a. ribosomal RNA
b. protein sequences
c. amino acids
d. mitochondrial DNA
_____ 3. How does mitochondrial DNA differ from nuclear DNA?
a. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from both parents, and nuclear DNA is not.
b. Mitochondrial DNA has a lower mutation rate than nuclear DNA.
c. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother only, and nuclear DNA is inherited
from both parents.
d. Mitochondrial DNA is made of amino acids and nuclear DNA is made of nucleotides.
_____ 4. The best molecular clock for comparing distantly related species is
a. mitochondrial DNA.
b. ribosomal RNA.
c. nuclear DNA.
d. protein.
_____ 5. The best molecular clock for comparing closely related species is
a. mitochondrial DNA.
b. ribosomal RNA.
c. nuclear DNA.
d. protein.
_____ 6. Woese separated the kingdom Monera into the following two kingdoms:
a. Eukarya and Bacteria.
b. Archaea and Prokaryote.
c. Prokaryote and Eukaryote.
d. Bacteria and Archaea.
_____ 7. Which of the following lists the three domains accepted by most scientists?
a. Bacteria, Protista, and Eukarya
b. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protista
c. Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria
d. Archaea, Prokaryote, and Eukaryote
_____ 8. Which description distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
a. Eukaryotes have a cell wall.
b. Eukaryotes are multicellular.
Page 2 of 12
c. Eukaryotes are photosynthetic.
d. Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
_____ 9. Single-celled prokaryotes that are classified by their ability to survive extreme conditions
are
a. fungi.
b. archaea.
c. protists.
d. eukaryotes.
_____ 10. What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?
a. They grow only in shade.
b. They have a different cell membrane.
c. They do not feed in the same way.
d. They are prokaryotes, not eukaryotes.
II. QUESTION AND ANSWER
1. Fill in blanks below.
__________________ 1. Have cells with distinct nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
__________________ 2. Known for their ability to live in extreme environments
__________________
3.Classified by their shape, need for oxygen, and whether they cause disease
_________________
4. Useful for studying closely related species
_________________
5. Model that uses mutation rates to measure
_________________
6. Useful for studying species in different kingdoms or phyla
evolutionary time
2. Fill in blanks in the table below with notes about the three-domain system
Domain
Characteristics
Kingdoms Included
4. Bacteria
One of the ____________ groups of
organisms on Earth
Single-celled prokaryotes in the
kingdom ____________
5. Archaea
Different ____________ from bacteria Also single-celled prokaryotes, but
Known for their ability to survive in
from the kingdom ____________
________________ environments
Page 3 of 12
6. Eukarya
Organisms that have cells containing a
distinct _____________
Organelles within eukaryotic cells are
surrounded by ______________
Can be colonial or ______________
All organisms with
_____________ cells.
Includes the kingdoms of
_________, Plantae,
____________, and Animalia.
Chapter-18 ( Viruses and Prokaryotes ) Lesson-1 & 2
III. MULTIPLE CHOICE
_____ 1. An infectious particle made of a strand of nucleic acid surrounded by protein is a
a. bacteria.
b. virus.
c.
viroid.
d.
prion.
_____ 2. An infectious particle made only of protein is called a
a. virus.
b. bacteria.
c.
prion.
d.
viroid.
_____ 3. Any organism or particle that can cause an infectious disease is called a
a. bacteria.
b.
virus.
c.
viroid.
d. pathogen.
_____ 4. Which of the following are infectious RNA particles that cause disease in plants?
a. viroids
b.prions
c.
viruses
d.
bacteria
_____ 5. Which of the following are one-celled prokaryotes?
a. viruses
b.bacteria
c.
prions
d.
viroids
_____ 6. What part of a virus determines which host the virus infects?
a. receptor molecules
b. plasma membrane
c. surface proteins
d. nucleic acids
_____ 7. Viruses that infect bacteria are called
a. bacteriophages.
b. helical viruses.
c. polyhedral viruses.
d. prophages.
_____ 8. In which of the following types of infection will the infected host cell burst?
a. lysogenic infection
b. prophage infection
c. provirus infection
d. lytic infection
_____ 9. The protein shell of a virus is called a
a. capsid.
b.spike.
c. tail sheath.
d.
envelope.
_____ 10. When viral DNA combines with the host cell’s DNA, the viral DNA becomes a
a. virion.
b. prophage. c. capsid.
d.
membrane.
IV. QUESTION AND ANSWER
3. Fill in the table below with characteristics of each of the following.
Page 4 of 12
Bacteria
Viruses
Both
4. In the chart below, fill in the blanks in the description of each type of infectious particle.
Infectious Particle
Description
Virus
Made only of a __________ strand of DNA or ____ surrounded by a
_________ coat.
Need living cells in order to _______________ and to make __________.
Much smaller than most __________.
Not classified by Linneaus.
Viroid
Has less in common with _____________ things than viruses do.
Cause disease in ___________.
Made of single _________ of ____.
Unlike viruses, do not have a ___________ coat.
Prion
Made only of __________ that can cause other ____________ to fold
incorrectly.
Contain no ___________ material.
Cause brain diseases such as _______________________.
5. Write a word from the box in the space provided. Each word will be used more than once.
Virus
Prion
Pathogen
Capsid
Viroid
lytic infection
Bacteriophage
lysogenic infection
Prophage
Page 5 of 12
______________________
1. Does not have genes
______________________
2. Includes infectious bacteria
______________________
3. Made of only RNA
______________________
4. Any living thing or particle that can cause infectious disease
______________________
5. Made only of protein
______________________
6. Infects plants
______________________
7. Made of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
______________________
8.
Can contain RNA or DNA but is not living
______________________
9.
Virus that infects bacteria
______________________
10.
Viral DNA plus host cell DNA
______________________ 11. Protein shell of a virus
______________________ 12. Infection where virus combines its DNA with
host cell’s DNA
______________________ 13.
Infection where host cell bursts, releasing viral offspring
6. Sketch the three common shapes of viruses.
Enveloped
Helical
Polyhedral
Page 6 of 12
Chapter-18 ( Viruses and Prokaryotes ) Lesson-3 & 4
V. MULTIPLE CHOICE
_____ 1. Which of the following is a rapid outbreak of an infection that affects many people?
a. an influenza
b. an epidemic
c. a provirus
d. a mutation
_____ 2. HIV is considered a retrovirus because it
a. has a high mutation rate.
b. returns many times.
c. uses RNA to make DNA.
d. attacks the white blood cells.
_____ 3. A substance that stimulates the body’s immune response against future invasion by
microbes is a
a. vaccine.
b. receptor.
c. mutation.
d. retrovirus.
_____ 4. When HIV causes a lysogenic infection, it can remain dormant for years. When it becomes
a lytic infection, it
a. causes no symptoms.
b. destroys white blood cells.
c. mutates infrequently.
d. can no longer cause AIDS.
_____ 5. For which of the following viral diseases is there a vaccine?
a. the common cold
b. HIV
c. SARS
d. influenza
_____ 6. Prokaryotes that need oxygen to live are called
a. obligate anaerobes.
b. obligate aerobes.
c. facultative anaerobes.
d. endospores.
_____ 7. Prokaryotes can move by the use of
a. flagella.
b. plasmids.
c. pili.
d. endospores.
_____ 8. Bacteria are classified as Gram-positive based on a substance found in their
a. plasma membranes.
b. conjugation bridges.
c. cell walls.
Page 7 of 12
d. plasmids.
_____ 9. An endospore may survive a drought because it is protected by a
a. hollow bridge.
b. thick wall.
c. plasmid replication.
d. plasma membrane.
_____ 10. Bacteria that are rod shaped are called
a. spirochetes.
b. spirilla.
c. cocci.
d. bacilli.
VI. QUESTION AND ANSWER
1. Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A vaccine is a weakened / strengthened version of the same pathogen that causes
the disease that the vaccine is intended to prevent.
Vaccines work by provoking the body’s immune system into a mild / strong
response, so that it will recognize the pathogen again in the future if it should
encounter it.
Vaccines cause the body’s immune system to react when it meets the surface proteins /
cell membrane of a bacteria or virus.
Vaccines are usually one way / the only way that scientists can fight against the spread
of a viral infection.
2. Choose whether the statement is true or false.
1.
true / false Since prokaryotes reproduce asexually, they do not exchange any
genetic material with other organisms.
2.
true / false Binary fission, which means “division in half,” is a method scientists
use when they are studying prokaryotes.
3.
true / false During the process of conjugation, prokaryotes build bridges between
organisms in order to exchange genetic material with each other.
4.
true / false Some bacteria can survive even harsh conditions by producing an
endospore.
5
true / false Endospores can last for hundreds of years and have even been found
inside Egyptian mummies.
6.
true / false To form an endospore, the bacterium undergoes binary fission.
3. Match each infection with its characteristics. Refer to Figure 3.4 as you work.
1. Disease caused by the bite of an
infected animal
a. chicken pox
Page 8 of 12
2 . Disease caused by the bite of an
infected insect
b. rabies
3. Disease caused by contact with a
particular rash
c. West Nile
4. Disease that causes swelling in glands
under a person’s jaw
d. mumps
5. Disease that causes yellow skin, fatigue,
and abdominal pain
e. hepatitis A
6. Can survive whether oxygen is
present or not
f. endospore
7. Long whiplike structure used
for movement
g. conjugation
8 . Needs oxygen to survive
h. flagellum
9.Specialized prokaryotic cell that
can withstand harsh conditions
i. plasmid
10. Prokaryotic method of
gene exchange
j. facultative
aerobe
11. Cannot live in the presence
of oxygen
k. obligate aerobe
12. Separate circular piece of a
prokaryote’s genetic material
l. obligate anaerobe
4. Write a word from the box in the space provided. Each word will be used more than once.
Epidemic
Retrovirus
Vaccine
____________________1. Contains RNA and uses a special enzyme to make a DNA copy
____________________2. Rapid outbreak of an infection that affects many people
Chapter-18 ( Viruses and Prokaryotes ) Lesson-5 & 6
Page 9 of 12
Grade- 10
____________________3.Stimulates the body’s own immune response against invading microbes
VII.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
_____ 1. Like photosynthetic plants, cyanobacteria produce
a. nodules.
b. nitrogen.
c. oxygen.
d. cyanide.
_____ 2. When microbes are applied to pollutants in order to break them down, the process is called
a. recycling.
b. fermentation.
c. photosynthesis.
d. bioremediation.
_____ 3. How do bacteria benefit from living in a human digestive system?
a. They adapt to fluctuations in temperature.
b. They get food and a place to live.
c. They receive the vitamins they need.
d. They make nitrogen that they can use.
_____ 4. Bacteria impart flavor to cheese through the process of
a. vitamin production.
b. nitrogen fixation.
c. fermentation.
d. bioremediation.
_____ 5. Legumes have a mutualistic relationship with bacteria that live in
a. human intestines.
b. their root nodules.
c. air trapped in the soil.
d. ammonia.
_____ 6. Chemicals that kill bacteria or slow their growth are called
a. toxins.
b. antibiotics.
c. endospores.
d. plasmids.
_____ 7. Botulism is a serious illness caused by an organism
a. releasing a toxin.
b. receiving a plasmid.
c. invading tissues.
d. resisting an antibiotic.
_____ 8. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to multidrug resistance in
Page 10 of 12
a.
b.
c.
d.
humans.
bacteria.
viruses.
antibiotics.
_____ 9. Bacteria can acquire genes for resistance to an antibiotic through
a. toxin transfer.
b. contamination.
c. plasmid exchange.
d. enzyme release.
_____ 10. Antibiotics cannot prevent viruses from making cell walls because viruses
a. do not have cell walls.
b. have built up resistance.
c. neutralize chemicals with toxins.
d. produce natural antibiotics.
VIII. QUESTION AND ANSWER
1. Fill in the diagram below with the ways bacteria benefit from an animal host and the ways a
host can benefit from resident bacteria.
Bacteria receive:
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
bacteria
Mutualistic
symbiosis
host
Host receives:
4. ____________
5. ____________
6. ____________
2. Fill in the blanks in the chart with details about some of the roles prokaryotes play in an
ecosystem.
Factor
Resistance
7. Overuse
Selective pressure can end up causing the bacteria that
are meant to be destroyed to _______________ instead.
8. Underuse
When people do not take their entire prescription of
__________________, some bacteria may be left alive
to reproduce and evolve.
9. Misuse
When antibiotics are used in cases where they are not
Page 11 of 12
________________, bacteria can evolve in ways that
make them __________________ to antibiotics.
Role
Details
7. Atmosphere composition
Some prokaryotes, such as __________, produce
______________ through photosynthesis.
8. Element cycling
Bacteria help to recycle elements through the
ecosystem. Elements cycled by bacteria include:
_____________, nitrogen, hydrogen, and
___________.
9. Nitrogen fixation
Some cyanobacteria and other bacteria can
convert _____________ from the atmosphere
into ______________ and other compounds that
plants can use.
3. Match each infection with its possible cause.
1. an open wound that gets dirty
a. acne
2. breathing in this bacteria’s endospores
b. tooth decay
3. skin making excess oil
c. anthrax
4. getting bitten by an infected wood tick
d. tetanus
5 many bacteria on teeth and gums
e. Lyme disease
Page 12 of 12