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Educator’s Guide KEY TERMS: Students should identify the following terms. Visit www.merriam-webster for definitions. Casualties Debacle Decisive Enforcements Evolution Garrison Habeas corpus Inevitable Remnant Succumb Curriculum Links: Antietam would be useful for American History, American Culture, Social Studies, and Geography courses. It would be an excellent supplement to Civil War course units and lesson plans. It is appropriate for middle school and high school students. Due to some sensitive content, we recommend that teachers view this program in its entirety before showing it to students. On September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek, Maryland, nearly 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers (nine times the number who fell on the beaches of Normandy) were killed or wounded. This cataclysmic battle was the bloodiest day of fighting in American history, with a stunning number of casualties left in its wake. Antietam also proved to be a critical and surprising turning point in the Civil War. 10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America: Antietam is a one-hour documentary which dramatically explores the events, meaning, and significance of this watershed battle. Through innovative photographic re-creations and powerful narratives by Civil War historians, this program vividly portrays the political and social backdrop behind this pivotal battle. This documentary is a compelling opportunity for students to reconsider the Civil War’s causes, consequences, and profound legacies. Comprehension Questions: 1. D o you think the Union and Confederate generals knew how important the Battle of Antietam would be in the course of the Civil War? Why or why not? 2. A ccording to this documentary, what were Abraham Lincoln’s thoughts on the Civil War? What does his famous quote “a house divided cannot stand” mean? 3. W hat did Lincoln consider in his decision to draft the Emancipation Proclamation and who was involved in the decision? 4. T he Emancipation Proclamation declared that unless Confederates put down their arms and come back to the Union, then starting January 1, 1863, all slaves in the south would be freed. Lincoln used his power as Commander-in-Chief to confiscate the property of southerners – the slaves. Was this an acceptable use of power in your opinion? Why or why not? 5. In the summer of 1862, Lincoln’s Cabinet did not want him to sign the Emancipation Proclamation while the Union was losing because it looked like a desperate move. They told him to wait until they had a victory. Do you agree with the Cabinet’s opinion? Why or why not? 6. A lthough Antietam was not a clear victory for the Union, Lincoln’s advisors told him it was sufficient enough to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. If Antietam had not occurred, do you think the Emancipation Proclamation would have been signed? Why or why not? 7. H ow did the Emancipation Proclamation affect society in the short-term and the long-term? 8. In 1862, some European leaders considered supporting the Confederates. How did the Battle of Antietam change this? 9. W hat effect do you feel Antietam had on the public’s morale and attitude about the war? 10. What images or ideas in this documentary did you find most compelling? Most surprising? 10 DAYS THAT UNEXPECTEDLY CHANGED AMERICA 2 Extended Activities: 1. In small groups, review the history of the Civil War using your textbooks, online, or at the library. Then, create a timeline of the top ten most important events and turning points in Civil War history. You will have to decide which events to include through group consensus. These presentations can be in PowerPoint format, a word document, or on a poster. Share your findings and choices with the larger class or group. 2. R obert E. Lee’s “Special Order 191” was discovered by General George McClellan before the Battle of Antietam, revealing details of the Confederate battle plan. Online or at the library, locate Lee’s order and research Lee’s plans. Then, imagine you were General McClellan. Compose your own battle plan for your troops based on your analysis of Lee’s plan. 3. T his documentary uses a filmmaking style that mirrors that of a groundbreaking Civil War photographer named Mathew Brady. Online or at the library, research Brady’s photography. Create a presentation, either in essay or PowerPoint form using images, discussing or depicting Brady’s photos and his significance in American history. 10 DAYS THAT UNEXPECTEDLY CHANGED AMERICA 3 Primary Source Exploration: Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, declaring all slaves to be free. Lincoln hoped to mobilize the Union toward victory through this bold action. After reading this excerpt, ask students to consider the questions below. erpt) mation (Exc la c ro P n io at The Emancip our the year of in , y ar u an J f ree, all e first day o and sixty-th d re “That on th d n u h t d ousand eigh or designate te ta S y an Lord one th hin then be as slaves wit hereof shall persons held w le p o e p en, e te, th s, shall be th te ta S part of a Sta d e it n utive ainst the U and the Exec ; e in rebellion ag re f r ve ary re d, and fo ding the milit lu c in , s te thenceforwar ta dS ntain of the Unite gnize and mai o c re l il Government w , f t or ority thereo will do no ac d an , and naval auth s n o rs them, in any of such pe f m o o d y e an re r f o e , s th on edom ….” ss such pers eir actual fre acts to repre th r o f e ak may m efforts they 63) (January 1, 18 hrases in y ideas and p e k e th e ar ou think 1. What do y id it declare? d at h W t? this excerp ipation f the Emanc o n o ti n te in t the overall be its effec ri c s e d u o y 2. What was ld ? n? How wou the Civil War f o t Proclamatio x te n o ce in the c and significan incoln to cision for L e d ve ra b a ink it was 3. Do you th cuss. tement? Dis ta s is th e u iss Books & Websites: Books Hakim, Joy. A History of US: Book 6: War, Terrible War 1855-1865. (Oxford University Press, 1993). Large, George R. and Joe A. Swisher, et al. Battle of Antietam: The Official History by the Antietam Battlefield Board. (White Mane, 1998). McPherson, James M. Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam. (Oxford University Press, 2002). McPherson, James M. Fields of Fury: The American Civil War. (Atheneum, 2002). Web Sites History.com Civil War 150 site: www.history.com/topics/american-civilwar/interactives/civil-war-150 The official site of the National Parks Service: www.nps.gov/anti Civil War photographs from the Library of Congress: memory.loc.gov/ammem/ cwphtml/cwphome.html A useful outline with maps and a narrative of the battle: www.eyewitnesstohistory. com/antiet.htm 10 DAYS THAT UNEXPECTEDLY CHANGED AMERICA: Antietam 4