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United States Constitution The purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to revise the _______________ of ______________________________. It was actually totally rewritten drawing on the models of the Greeks, Iroquois, Romans, British and from the writers’ experiences as colonists. Articles of Confederation • Central Government is (weak strong) • No President to execute laws (true false) • Congress (could could not) regulate trade or collect taxes. Constitution • Central Government is (weak strong) • The government is organized with a President and _______ house legislature • Right of individual states are protected. • Contains a __________________________ to protect citizens’ rights. The Great Compromise This plan called for a ________ house legislature where the ________________ of _______________________ had representation based on population. This favored _________________ states. A second house, called the Senate, would have _______ Representatives from each state (Senators). There would be _____ branches of government to share the responsibility of governing. 3/5 Compromise What to do about slaves? How do they count in the population? The 3/5 Compromise states that slaves would count as __________ of a person for the purpose of __________________ and representation. In other words, 500 slaves would count as 300 people. Slave Trade Some Americans wanted to stop the slave trade from Africa. It was decided at the Constitutional Convention that ____________________ would be done to the slave trade for 20 years. Branches of Government Fact Chart Senate House of Representatives Term of Office (in years) Total # in the country Branch of Gov’t President 2 435 Job of Branch Judicial Branch 1.) The job of the Judicial Branch is to __________ the laws. 2.) The highest court in the U.S. is the _____________________________. 3.) The head of the Supreme Court is called the _______________________. 4.) There are ______ justices in the Supreme Court. 5.) Supreme Court justices serve for how long? ___________________ Matching: Principles of the Constitution _____ Popular Sovereignty A. Power is divided between the 3 branches. _____ Federalism B. The people decide through voting _____ Judicial Review C. Each branch “checks” the others to make sure _____ Separation of Powers _____ Checks and Balances _____ Limited Government no branch has too much power. D. Declaring a law constitutional or unconstitutional E. Dividing power between the federal and state government. F. The government can only do what the people give it power to do. Checks and Balances: How does it work? The Executive Branch checks the Judicial Branch by: The Executive Branch checks the Legislative Branch by: The Judicial Branch checks the Legislative Branch by: The Judicial Branch checks the Executive Branch by: The Legislative Branch checks the Judicial Branch by: The Legislative Branch checks the Executive Branch by: Amendments • • • • • • • • • • • They are additions to the Constitution There are 27 of them (only 27 in 230 years!) 1– 10 are called the _____________________________ Amendments allow the Constitution to change over time. “I plead the 5th” The 5th amendment says that you can’t be forced to be a witness against yourself. 13th Amendment _____________________________ 14th Amendment _____________________________ 15th Amendment _____________________________ 18th Amendment _____________________________ 19th Amendment _____________________________ 21st Amendment _____________________________ Ratification of the Constitution • • • • Federalists For the Constitution Wanted a strong CENTRAL gov’t James Madison, Alexander Hamilton Federalist Papers – Papers that explained why the Constitution was important • • • • • • Antifederalists Against the Constitution Patrick Henry Wanted strong STATE governments State’s Rights are important A strong central gov’t might get too strong Wanted a Bill of Rights