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Feudalism and manor is the back bone of medieval Europe • Why did feudalism start? ◦Due to the inability of kings and emperors to supply protection.... ‣ Feudalism will be the answer to those problems • Definitions ◦Feudalism ◦Vassals ◦Feudal contract-exchange of land for loyalty and military service ◦Fief • Structure of feudalism ◦King ‣ Provides money, army on demand ‣ Bestows land on his many Nobles ◦Nobility ‣ Provides military service and protection on demand ‣ Bestows land on his many knights ◦Knights ‣ Provides military service and food on demand ‣ Bestows land on his many vassals ◦Vassals • Manors and serfs ◦Castle of manor house (where The Lord and their family lives) ◦Church (only kind is catholic) ◦House for the priest ◦Barn for the lords animals ◦Blacksmith ◦Bake oven (building for everyone to share there were no ovens in houses) ◦Mill (powered by water or wind) (grinds up corn or wheat to make bread) ◦Village of huts and cottages ◦Common pasture ◦Orchard ◦Farms field (3 sets of farm field so they can do a crop rotation) ◦Woodland (used for lumber and hunting-only for The Lord) • Duties and workings of the manor ◦Duties of the peasants/serfs ‣ Work several days a week farming the lords lands ‣ Repair roads, bridges, and fences ‣ Ask lords permission to marry ‣ Pat to use the local mill to grind grains/payments at Christmas and Easter ‣ Paid dues in produce like grain, honey, ◦Returns on their labor ‣ Farm some land for themselves ‣ Protection from raids and warfare ‣ Could not be forced off their land ‣ Pretty much guaranteed food housing and land • Peasant life ◦Lifestyle ‣ Rough, hard, physical labor ◦Age expectancy ‣ 35 years due to disease and starvation ◦Diet ‣ Black bread, cabbage, turnips, onions ◦Housing ‣ 1 room = people and livestock ◦Celebrations ‣ Marriage, birth, Christmas, Easter, dancing, sports, butcher animals