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Name: _________________ Period: _________________ Date: __________________ Electricity Unit Notes: pp. 6 – 19 1) Main Entry: elec·tric·i·ty Function: noun ”a fundamental entity of nature consisting of negative and positive kinds, observable in the attractions and repulsions of bodies electrified by friction and in natural phenomena (as lightning or the aurora borealis), and usually utilized in the form of electric currents” a) Positive and Negative Charge i) Atoms are ________ as there are equal numbers of protons and electrons. ii) Ions, _______ and ________, are electrically charged as they have either extra or fewer electrons as compared to their number of protons. iii) iv) ___________- An imbalance of electric charge due to rubbing two objects together causing the removal of electrons. b) _______ can also allow the movement of electrons when in liquids. i) NaCl- Becomes _______ and ______ in water. ii) Joselyn J. Todd, Electricity Notes, Science 7, Cary Academy, 10.18.2004 1 Name: _________________ Period: _________________ Date: __________________ 2) ______ _ _____ hold the electrons in their orbit around the nucleus of an atom. a) b) The closer two oppositely charged particles are, the greater their attraction for each other. c) An ___________ surrounds every charged particle. This explains why particles do not need to touch each other to be attracted towards one another (balloon example.) 3) Insulators, Conductors, Semi-Conductors a) ___________- A material where electrons can not easily move from place to place. i) These are the non-metals (17 elements) on the periodic table. ii) Under the special conditions they can conduct electricity but generally they are considered insulators. iii) Materials such as ceramic, rubber, and wood are examples as well. b) ___________- A material where electrons can easily move from place to place. i) These are the most of the elements on the periodic table. ii) Examples: copper, gold, aluminum, silver, and silicon (semiconductor). c) _______________- A material whose electrical behavior is between that of a conductor and an insulator at room temperature. i) _________- Silicon is used to make many electronic devices, such as transistors, electrical circuits, and computer chips. ii) Examples: Silicon, Boron, Germanium, Arsenic d) A electric wire- Inside is made of a metal (conductor) that conducts electricity and the outside is made of rubber (an insulator). 4) Examples of _________________- Rapid movement of charge from one place to another. a) ________________: You become negatively charged due to a gain of electrons while walking across the floor and then when you come close to something which is positively charged there is a _________________________. b) Another example- lightning during a thunderstorm c) ______________- The Earth acts as a huge conductor. Example- a lightning rod made of metal conducts electricity from lightning away from your house and instead, into the ground (Earth.) Joselyn J. Todd, Electricity Notes, Science 7, Cary Academy, 10.18.2004 2 Name: _________________ Period: _________________ Date: __________________ 5) ________________- The flow of electric charge in a controlled manner. The flowing charge is electrons. Example: the wires in your home that provide the electric current for your TV, Computer, Etc. a) ___________- Electrical charge must flow in a continuous, conducting loop. b) c) __________- the electrical potential of electrons (measured in Volts) d) Electrons flow through a wire very slowly. e) __________ work when the positive end is connected to the negative end (where the electrons are until the circuit is completed) via a wire as seen in the figure above. i) The chemical reactions within the battery create the positive end/negative end of the battery by producing electrons that are free to move when a circuit is completed with the battery. ii) There are many types of different batteries depending upon what chemicals are within them. f) __________- A measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow, measured in ________ i) Conductors have low resistance ii) Insulators have high resistance iii) The thinner the wire, the greater the resistance; the longer the wire, the greater the resistance Check your Understanding: 1. pp. 34-35 2. Do the following problems: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12 Joselyn J. Todd, Electricity Notes, Science 7, Cary Academy, 10.18.2004 3