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STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR BEST PRACTICE TRADING IN REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS Page | 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ..............................................................................................................................................................................................6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................7 Reptile & Amphibian Housing & Husbandry .....................................................................................................................................9 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................9 WHS ..............................................................................................................................................................................................9 Security.........................................................................................................................................................................................9 Sourcing Animals ........................................................................................................................................................................10 Sale of Animals ...........................................................................................................................................................................10 Transportation............................................................................................................................................................................10 Behaviour ...................................................................................................................................................................................10 Behavioural Enrichment .............................................................................................................................................................10 Reptile and amphibian physical needs .......................................................................................................................................11 Reptile and amphibian behavioural needs .................................................................................................................................11 Enclosures/Housing ....................................................................................................................................................................11 Indoor Enclosures .......................................................................................................................................................................12 Reptile Housing ..........................................................................................................................................................................12 Venomous Snakes ...........................................................................................................................................................................12 Food and water ..........................................................................................................................................................................13 Suitable water and food dishes ..................................................................................................................................................13 Storage of Foods.........................................................................................................................................................................14 Presentation of foods .................................................................................................................................................................14 Captive Diets ...................................................................................................................................................................................14 Frogs...........................................................................................................................................................................................14 Turtles ........................................................................................................................................................................................14 Lizards ........................................................................................................................................................................................14 Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................15 Crocodiles ...................................................................................................................................................................................15 Vitamin and mineral supplements ............................................................................................................................................15 Outdoor Enclosures ........................................................................................................................................................................15 Health Care and Record Keeping ....................................................................................................................................................16 Hygiene ...........................................................................................................................................................................................16 Waste ..............................................................................................................................................................................................16 Veterinary Care ...............................................................................................................................................................................16 Euthanasia ......................................................................................................................................................................................17 Lighting ...........................................................................................................................................................................................17 Hospital and Quarantine Facilities ..................................................................................................................................................18 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |2 Zoonotic Diseases ...........................................................................................................................................................................18 Minimum Enclosure Standards for Reptiles & Amphibians Pt 1 .....................................................................................................20 Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................20 Venomous Snakes ......................................................................................................................................................................24 Lizards ........................................................................................................................................................................................28 Geckos ........................................................................................................................................................................................29 Skinks..........................................................................................................................................................................................31 Dragons ......................................................................................................................................................................................34 Monitors .....................................................................................................................................................................................36 Legless Lizards ............................................................................................................................................................................38 Freshwater Turtles .....................................................................................................................................................................39 Frogs ...........................................................................................................................................................................................41 Crocodiles ...................................................................................................................................................................................42 Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations .....................................................................................................44 Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................45 Geckos ........................................................................................................................................................................................46 Skinks..........................................................................................................................................................................................48 Dragons ......................................................................................................................................................................................49 Monitors .....................................................................................................................................................................................51 Legless Lizards ............................................................................................................................................................................54 Turtles ........................................................................................................................................................................................55 Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Pt 2 .............................................................................................................57 Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................57 Venomous Snakes ......................................................................................................................................................................58 Lizards ........................................................................................................................................................................................58 Freshwater Turtles .....................................................................................................................................................................59 Frogs ...........................................................................................................................................................................................60 Crocodiles ...................................................................................................................................................................................60 Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations .....................................................................................................61 Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................61 Geckos ........................................................................................................................................................................................61 Skinks..........................................................................................................................................................................................61 Dragons ......................................................................................................................................................................................62 Monitors .....................................................................................................................................................................................62 Legless Lizards ............................................................................................................................................................................62 Turtles ........................................................................................................................................................................................63 Reptiles and Amphibians on the States and Territories of Aust Trading List ..................................................................................64 Appendix 1 – States & Territories of Aust Reptile & Amphibian Licencing Systems .......................................................................68 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |3 Appendix 2 – Reptile Specimen Card ..............................................................................................................................................71 Appendix 3 – Reptile and Speciment Food & Slough Chart ............................................................................................................72 Appendix 4 – Stock Movements .....................................................................................................................................................73 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................................................75 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |4 Disclaimer The information contained in this publication are the Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice (SGBP) defined by the Pet Industry Association of Australia (PIAA). Users are reminded that compliance with these Standards & Guidelines is a requirement of Membership of the PIAA. New versions of these Standards & Guidelines may be issued from time to time. It is the responsibility of users to ensure the version of the Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice on which they rely is current by checking it is the latest version available on the PIAA website. Compliance Compliance of the Association’s National Code, Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice does not remove the need to abide by the requirements of all local, state and commonwealth legislation and codes of practice including the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Acts and any other laws such as Local Government Acts and National Parks and Wildlife Acts in all states and territories. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |5 Preface The Pet Industry Association (PIAA) Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice – Trading in Reptiles and Amphibians outline the principles that every Association member involved in the trading of reptiles and amphibians must use to protect the welfare of the animals in their care. By adhering to the Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice people involved in this industry are demonstrating to the general community their concern for the welfare of the animals in their care. When humans manipulate or limit an animal’s choices in relation to its physical or social environment, the welfare of that animal must be considered. Humans have a duty of care towards these animals, and the greater the level of control of an animal or intervention with its environment the greater the responsibilities become. Animal welfare can be thought of as the way an animal’s health, safety and wellbeing are affected by its physical and social environment. Health and behaviour indicators provide information about how an animal is responding to a situation, thus enabling us to make informed decisions relating to the animal’s welfare. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |6 Introduction Introduction In the last 20 years there has been a significant increase in the keeping of reptiles and amphibians in captivity in Australia. The following is an overview of current States and Territories of Australia regarding the trading list, and recommendations for enclosures sizes. The recommended enclosure sizes have been a compromise between two opposing forces in enclosure size determination. The most important factor in any reptile and amphibian husbandry is providing the correct thermal environment. The importance of correct and appropriate temperatures to cater for individual needs of each species and each animal cannot be understated, and is far more important than any enclosure parameter. This is actually an inverse relationship between enclosure size and temperature. This is because the larger an enclosure is, the more difficult it is to obtain optimal temperature. This recommendation describes a suggested practice for the care and housing of reptiles and amphibians, taking into consideration scientific information and accumulated experience. These recommended minimum enclosure sizes have been developed to find the suitable balance between optimal temperature, enclosure sizes, animal welfare needs, public perception and the aesthetics of the enclosure within a pet shop as a display. It is important to note that reptiles and amphibians kept according to this recommendation are for short-term stay. Recommended enclosure, housing and husbandry are for medium term holding. The following steps were followed to produce this document. Step 1: Required the sourcing of available documents to assist in writing this recommendation. These documents included: Native reptile and amphibian species list from States and Territory government agencies. Animal Welfare Code of Practice, Animals in Pet Shops for States and Territory. Standards for exhibiting reptiles, Exhibited Animals Protection Act (EAPA), New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries. Code of Practice for the Private Keeping of Reptiles. Guidelines for showing reptiles and amphibians from a number of reptile and frog societies and clubs. Current reptile and amphibian literature relating to information and species husbandry and housing. Step 2: Meetings with pet industry representatives, pet shop owners and captive animals representatives from States and Territories was integral. Many people who were consulted had decades of knowledge and experience in keeping and trading reptiles and amphibians. Visits to pet shops in Western Australia, Victoria, NSW, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) provided great insight and a platform for the development of this recommendation. Reptile and amphibian standards, species lists, enclosure sizes and numbers of reptiles and amphibians kept per enclosure were gathered and reviewed. A number of shops assisted by placing reptile and amphibian species in a variety of enclosure sizes to gauge what are acceptable standards to assist in the development of categories and numbers for this recommendation. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |7 Step 3: Welfare: Reptile and amphibian welfare, health and safety, physical and behaviour requirements were of high priority. Reptile and amphibian Fright, Flight and Fight (FFF) zones were considered, along with inter and intra-specific housing, indoor enclosures, and suspended and outdoor style housing. Reptile and amphibian suitability to captivity, reptiles and amphibians on the exempt species list, easy to keep species, hard to keep species, and sensitive species were considered. Public perception was taken into account in preparing enclosure S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |8 Reptile and Amphibian Housing & Husbandry Introduction The aim of this section is to provide a recommendation in key areas for the housing and husbandry of reptiles and amphibians for all parties trading in reptiles and amphibians throughout Australia. Please be guided by your home State or Territory government agency’s legislation and guidelines for keeping. There are a large number of current and informative reptile and amphibian publications on the market that can assist with housing and husbandry. (Please refer to Bibliography on page 72 and 73). Work Health and Safety (WHS) It is recommended that stores trading in reptiles and amphibians undertake all reasonable measures to ensure the health and safety of staff and manage all relevant workplace risks. This can include sick or injured staff members who require medical attention, and the risk associated with zoonotic disease by those in direct contact with animals. In order to provide a safe and healthy environment, each store must have WHS processes and procedures in place to comply with relevant State and Territory legislation. Such processes and procedures include the following documentation. fety Inspection Checklist Template Depending on staffing levels, there must be the appropriate number of properly trained staff members to meet particular State and Territory requirements for first aid, fire and emergency situations. Please refer to State and Territory regulatory bodies to determine appropriate levels. Security Premises and animal enclosures must be secure against unwanted animals, persons or pests at all times. It is recommended that stores must be able to be reasonably secured to prevent access to the premises outside trading hours, including outdoor enclosures. Enclosures must be securely fastened outside trading hours to the extent required to avoid escape. All external openings must prevent escape of animals or easy removal of products or equipment without authorisation. Adequate security must be in place to ensure the safety of staff, the public and all animals on the premises. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 Page |9 Venomous snakes must be housed in lockable, escape-proof enclosures at all times. All categories of venomous snakes must also be held within a locked, escape-proof room that prevents unauthorised entry. Sourcing Animals It is recommended that the person in charge of trading in reptiles and amphibians purchase animals from licensed, reliable and responsible PIAA breeders. New owners who have purchased a reptile or amphibian should be encouraged to keep in contact with the store to ensure the animal is being cared for correctly or if the new owner has any questions to ask about the animal. Sale of Animals It is recommended that the person in charge of trading in reptiles and amphibians only sell to people who are licensed or meet State or Territory licensing requirements. Transportation Legislation and codes of practice for the transportation of animals are applicable in some States and Territories in Australia and must be complied with when transporting animals. When transporting reptiles and amphibians to and from the store, staff must ensure that the animals are contained safely within appropriate enclosures so as to reduce any injury to the animal. Animals being transported by road must have sufficient fresh air and not be left unattended in closed/locked vehicles. On longer journeys, animals must be checked and given water if required every two hours. Those trading in reptiles and amphibians that are required to transport animals by air must use a recognised pet/animal transport agent complying with the International Air Transport Association (IATA) regulations for the transport of animals. Transportation vehicles and transport enclosures/crates must be cleaned and disinfected after each use to prevent disease. Behaviour It is recommended that two or more species can be housed together (refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional cm2 per animal) so long as none of the species are likely to prey on, or cause serious injury to the others, be aggressive or consistently deny others access to food, water or shelter. All grouped animals need to be monitored for aggression, competition or predation. Behavioural enrichment Where possible, it is recommended that reptiles and amphibians be provided with behavioural enrichment. To do this, firstly reptile and amphibian physical and behavioural needs must be considered. These are as follows: S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 10 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reptile and amphibian physical needs Food: Is there a variety of food and what is the frequency of feeding? Waste production: How do reptiles and amphibians produce their droppings? How often, and how to dispose of the droppings? Water: Is there fresh drinking water, and what is the size of the water bowl given and other water bodies? Shelter: Is there somewhere to sleep, stay dry and warm? Space: Has enough space and furniture been provided to encourage natural behaviour? Appropriate substrate: What types of substrate material should be used? For example, breeder’s choice cat litter pellets, aspen, gravel, zeolite or sand? Temperature: What is a suitable temperature for a reptile or amphibian? Heating and lighting: What heating and lighting is best suited for the reptiles and amphibians? Ventilation/airflow: How much ventilation is available? All reptiles need ventilation research how much, and where you should position the ventilation in the exhibit. Appropriate source of UV lights/bulbs that are changed at least annually. Reptile and Amphibian behavioural needs Foraging: Searching for food. Keepers often give the snake the rat straight away. Try encouraging the snake to look for its food. Exploring: Searching, not just for food. Resting: Places where your reptile can rest away from the public. Socialising: Interacting with other reptiles or amphibians of the same kind. Reproducing: It is important to note that reptiles and amphibians kept according to this recommendation are of short term holding. Breeding is not recommended under these holding terms, but optional for pet shop owners to use their own discretion. Enclosures/Housing Based on the findings, indoor enclosures are to be constructed to a standard that maintains a high level of security, safety and wellbeing of the reptile and amphibian being housed. An enclosure should be designed to be keeper friendly so it can be serviced safely and regularly. Many reptile species (such as large pythons and monitors) can apply considerable pressure on enclosure fixtures including glass. This may result in the displacement of enclosure furnishings and/or the opening of lids and doors. Considerable pressure can cause glass to crack or shatter. When selecting glass consider other pressures such as water pressure and the weight of any enclosure furnishings and substrates. Strong glass with a minimum panel thickness of 6mm should be used - with the option to use laminated or even toughened glass for extra strength. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 11 An enclosure must be escape-proof. An enclosure must be made safe for the reptile to occupy by excluding hazards that have the potential to harm it. An enclosure must be designed and/or positioned so as to prevent the reptile from coming into physical contact with wild animals, pests, domestic pets, and unauthorised persons. When different species of reptiles are housed together, they must be compatible. Indoor Enclosures Reptiles and amphibians require an enclosure that provides appropriate environmental conditions for the species being housed. They must be provided with temperature gradients, humidity levels and light cycles that are appropriate to the species (i.e. allows normal physical and behavioural needs). Indoor enclosure walls, floors and fittings must be constructed from impervious materials that can be easily cleaned. Enclosure surfaces, edges and ventilation grates that are accessible by the reptile should be smooth to prevent injury. Enclosure doors need to be fitted with a locking mechanism for enclosure security. Ventilation holes need to be provided and designed and secured so that the reptile cannot escape. Reptile housing Reptile housing is very similar in the fundamentals of enclosure design and set up for all species. For example, a secure enclosure with a heat source, thermostat, thermometer, water bowl, somewhere to hide, enclosure furniture, substrate, and ultraviolet light if required. However, with the wide variety of reptile species now available to licensed keepers, there can be very specific housing requirements for specific species. Commercially sold reptile enclosures are available in timber, plastic or glass. It is essential that after choosing an appropriate enclosure that a heat source is added to allow thermoregulation. It is a requirement that a thermostat is attached to the enclosure’s heat source to guarantee the setting of specific temperatures for individual animals can be achieved. The combination of a thermostat and thermometer work together to ensure a suitable heat source is provided for reptiles and amphibians. The selection of substrates and furniture can be varied for individual species. Ensure that before housing any reptile or amphibian species, you research the species to be kept and know its housing and husbandry needs! Venomous Snakes Security must be of the highest priority. Ensure all venomous snake enclosures remain locked at all times, except for cleaning and feeding times. An enclosure housing venomous snakes must be labelled with a venomous snake sign. Venomous snake keepers must be suitably trained and hold a current first aid certificate. All Categories of venomous snakes must also be held within a locked, escape-proof room, which prevents unauthorised entry. Responsible venomous snake sales are only to owners who are licensed, trained and certified to hold such snakes. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 12 Food and Water Reptiles and amphibians must receive a balanced and complete diet that allows them to maintain good health and growth, recognising the physiological status and special needs of differing ages and species. Clean, fresh water must be available for all animals at all times at a temperature and quality that meets the animal’s needs. Containers must be readily accessible to animals and positioned to avoid spillage and reduce the contamination by faeces. Avoid any food or water containers being directly under a heat source, unless the aim is to place a water container closer to the heat source to achieve a higher humidity. Ensure enclosure furniture and perching is not directly above a water container. The larger the enclosure and overall floor area (refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2) the greater the opportunity is to provide ample opportunity to place food and water containers appropriately. Reptile and amphibian food and water requirements vary enormously. Before acquiring any reptile species, ensure that you research the species to be kept and know its daily food and water needs. A water bowl should always be provided for all animals. Water bowls should be cleaned regularly and refilled with fresh clean water. The shingleback lizard Tiliqua rugosus for example, only requires a small water bowl and generally drinks water once a week. Consideration must be given to the size and depth of the bowl. Snakes often need a larger and deeper water bowl as they can often soak before shedding. Take caution, some lizards may drown in a water bowl that is too deep. Suitable Water & Food Dishes All food and water dishes should be easy to clean and sterilise. Separate bowls for each enclosure must be provided. Stainless steel or plastic dishes are usually best overall. Dishes should be thoroughly cleaned after every feed and not re-used to feed other animals later on. This is of course especially important for animals in quarantine situations. Some reptiles and amphibians do not necessarily need a food dish as they eat their food whole or whilst submersed in water. Water dishes should be shallow enough for any reptile or amphibian to get out of if required. Many reptiles cannot swim and may drown in such situations. Some reptiles require large bodies of water to feed, swim, or completely immerse in during hot or dry weather. This should always be provided where possible. Some reptiles will not actively drink at all and will get their fluids from the foods that they eat. However, many will drink from water bowls, ponds or droplets on foliage. Many also benefit from additional moisture during times of shedding. All equipment used in the food preparation for reptiles and amphibians should always be clean, and even sterilised where required. Some food items may need to be defrosted before feeding, and this should be done naturally, and never in a microwave oven or in hot to warm water to speed up the thawing process. Fish can be gently defrosted using cold tap water, but rats, mice, rabbits and chickens for example, should always be defrosted slowly, naturally and fed at room temperature. When providing water for amphibians, all water used must be de-chlorinated by aging it for 24-48 hours. Alternatively, you can use commercially prepared water conditioners, which are available from retail stores. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 13 Storage of Foods All fruit and vegetables should be stored effectively, usually in a fridge at 4°C. Rats, mice, chicken, fish, and prawns for example, should be stored in a freezer and thawed as required in a refrigerator overnight. When using freshly killed foodstuffs, food should be presented to the reptiles and amphibians within an hour of euthanasia. Presentation of Foods Fruits and vegetables can be offered in dishes, chopped, diced or blended, depending upon the species being fed. Live insects can be released into enclosures so that animals can catch them, or many reptiles and amphibians will accept insects from tweezers. Foliage and flowers can be offered on the branch as most of the species that consume these have large strong jaws to tear them off. A reptile’s willingness to feed in captivity can be determined by the animal feeling comfortable in the environment provided. A settling in period of two weeks may be needed for newly acquired reptiles. Always maintain detailed feeding records for your reptile ensuring your animal is being fed correctly. Refer to Appendices 2, 3 and 4 for examples of reptile and amphibian record keeping documents. The natural diet and metabolic rate (activity rate) varies considerably from one reptile and amphibian to another. Winter (June to August) is the time most reptiles and amphibians experience a cooling off period. The reptile and amphibian metabolism rate slows and brumation takes place. Throughout the brumation state reptiles and amphibians can survive without food for the winter season. However, a bowl of water must be provided. Captive Diets Frogs: Frogs are insect eaters. Suitable insects, depending on the size of the frog may include: crickets, grasshoppers, houseflies, cockroaches (woodies), blowflies, beetles, moths, earthworms, silkworms, day old mice and occasionally, mealworms. Frogs are active at night. Feed frogs three to four times weekly. Turtles: Always feed turtles in, or adjacent to water, as they may need to submerse themselves in water in order to feed. The preferred food of freshwater turtles is ground beef, liver, heart, raw fish crickets, cockroaches, grasshoppers, earthworms, silkworms, blood worms, raw fish (invertebrates to be fed live or thawed and preferably whole), yabbies and fish pellets. Some species will eat water plants and a variety of green vegetables. A vitamin and mineral supplement powder is required for an all meat diet. Hatchlings may be fed every second day. Adults fed twice weekly. Lizards: Lizards have a large range of food preferences. Insects make up a large proportion of a lizard’s diet. Mealworms, crickets, grasshoppers, silkworms, cockroaches, fruit flies, maggots and moths are a natural part of their diet. Ensure your insect supply is pesticide free. A vitamin and mineral supplement powder is required for an all meat diet. A variety of fruits and vegetables may also be fed. Many lizards will accept canned dog and cat food or commercially sold food through pet shops. Lizards have a higher metabolic rate than snakes and therefore generally feed far more frequently than snakes. Some small species of lizards such as dragons and monitors may require food daily. Larger species can be fed one to two times weekly. The S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 14 most important things to do are to establish a feeding routine, stick to it and keep records. Note: Many dragon, monitor and skink species can be territorial or aggressive by nature. Observe and monitor behaviour of grouped lizard species for any signs of aggression, particularly around feeding time. Snakes: Snakes are predators and will feed on a wide range of birds, mammals and reptiles. Prey items are either killed by venom, suffocated or swallowed alive. After overpowering their food, all snakes swallow food whole. In captivity, rodents are usually fed as a preferred food source. When feeding snakes, a good guide for choosing the size of the food item for the size of the snake is to select a rodent that has the same size head as the snake as this will allow the snake to stretch and modify its skull and jaws enough to consume its prey. Obtain food from a reliable source or breed your own rodents. Ensure food is pesticide free. Separate snakes prior to feeding if housed together. It is important to establish a feeding routine with snakes, as adults only require one meal two times weekly, once a week or once a fortnight. Snakes and crocodiles will usually take whole foods such as mice, rats, chickens or rabbits from large tongs or other feeding implements. Crocodiles: Crocodiles will usually take food in pieces or chunks such as mice, rats, chicken, fish or rabbit from large tongs or other feeding implements. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: Vitamin and mineral supplements are of benefit for frogs, turtles, lizards and crocodiles. For frogs, sprinkle calcium/vitamin powder in a take away container and add insects. For turtles, lizards and crocodiles, sprinkle calcium/vitamin powder on food or inject liquid supplements into the food items.. Read and follow the instructions on the supplement container. Humidity: The amount of moisture in the air is influenced by the presence of drinking water, the body of water and the live plants within the enclosure. It can also be influenced by ventilation offered, surrounding temperatures and humidity. Investigate your chosen reptile and amphibian and the humidity required. Species that have originated from the tropical rainforest of Queensland will require a humid environment, whereas desert species thrive in a drier environment though may need microclimates where increased humidity is found especially around the time of shedding.. The use of different sized water bowls and mist spraying in summer or around slough time can assist in the control of humidity. A commercially made humidity controller should be placed in the enclosure to provide an accurate reading. Outdoor enclosures: This is required for pet stores, because many in Northern Australia use outdoor housing. OUTDOOR ENCLOSURES ARE NOT RECOMMENDED FOR HOUSING REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS With exceptions, in the right climatic region, correct aspect, a well-insulated hide and provisions of a heat source in an outdoor enclosure, reptiles can be kept outdoors. It is not recommended to keep frogs outside for the following reasons: predation on frogs kept outdoors is common, exposure to disease and pathogens, lack of suitable location to meet housing requirements, and almost impossible to observe captive frogs in an outdoor housing environment. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 15 An outdoor enclosure must consider aspect and location, be designed and managed to account for the full range of seasonal weather variation, and risks from domestic and wild predators and potential pest infestations. If a reptile is to be housed in an outdoor enclosure, the temperature, humidity and lighting regime must be similar to that occurring in its natural range. It is recommended that an outdoor enclosure be raised above ground level to provide sufficient drainage to prevent the accumulation of water. An outdoor enclosure must be designed and situated so that the reptile is provided with sufficient sunlight in cooler months and shade in warmer months. Depending on your location and the ability for a reptile to achieve its preferred body temperature, supplement heating may be required. An outdoor enclosure must provide locations where the reptile can find shelter from weather conditions such as heat, cold and rain. For terrestrial species this must include a range of shelters or hide boxes, which are permanently dry. The ability to keep reptiles outdoors can be restricted to warmer, temperate and tropical climates. Additionally, reptiles may not be able to be kept outdoors during the colder seasonal months. The types of outdoor enclosures can range from suspended enclosures, aviaries, enclosed pits, screen mesh enclosure or fine wire 6.5mm x 6.5mm enclosure and indoor/outdoor combined enclosures. All of these options have merit, but careful consideration must be given to the selection of an outdoor enclosure, as it needs to be based on the individual requirements for the animal being housed. Health Care and Record keeping: It is recommended that staff are familiar with signs of common and zoonotic diseases of reptiles and amphibians. The monitoring of health and wellbeing of animals should be carried out daily. Maintain detailed records of your reptiles and amphibians to ensure that each specimen being fed is cared for correctly (refer to Appendices 2, 3 and 4). List feeding dates, food offered, acceptance or refusal of food, skin shed, medical treatment, observed mating, and record length and weight. These records are essential in monitoring the health of animals in your store. Hygiene: It is recommended that all reptiles and amphibians enclosures must be checked, and then cleaned daily if required. The frequency of checking and cleaning may increase depending on the species. Cleaning and disinfection chemicals and materials must be chosen on the basis of their suitability, safety to humans and animals, and effectiveness. They must be used only in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Before new animals are introduced, vacant enclosures must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. The Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all chemicals held must be available to staff. Waste: Waste material including faeces, litter, uneaten foods, disposable food containers and bedding, aquarium waste water and substrates must be disposed of promptly and hygienically in accordance with requirements of local government authorities. Veterinary Care: It is recommended that the person in charge of trading in reptiles and amphibians establish an agreement with one or more local veterinarians and any other suitably qualified person who are able to attend to animal emergencies or sick animals and to advise on management and disease prevention measures. Sick or injured reptiles and amphibians must be kept isolated and animals kept away from public view and not offered for sale. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 16 Euthanasia of reptiles and amphibians must be performed only by a veterinary surgeon or a person who is an authorised euthanasia technician. Lighting Like the need for the provision of appropriate heating for reptiles the need for adequate and appropriate lighting for reptiles cannot be over-emphasised. The following factors need to be considered: The species being housed The type of light required e.g. UVB, UVA, visible light The photoperiod i.e. how long the lights should be on and off The design of the enclosure All reptiles benefit from being exposed to a daylight cycle that reflects their natural exposure. In many cases this can be simply achieved by fitting timers to light fixtures to provide light for 12-14 hours a day. Similarly reptiles and amphibians should not be exposed to light for 24 hours a day. A period of darkness is essential for their wellbeing and to minimse stress. This includes exposure to so called “red lights” overnight. A common misconception is that reptiles are unable to see this type or colour of light and so these lights are suitable for 24-hour use. This is not true and such lights should not be used overnight. An excellent alternative would be to use a low wattage ceramic heat emitter to provide overnight an overnight heat source. Many species of reptiles benefit and in fact require exposure to ultraviolet light (UV). Specifically they require exposure to UVB light. UVB light is of a specific wavelength that promotes the formation of vitamin D in the animals’ skin which can then be used to absorb calcium from the diet. Failure to provide such light can result in the development of a condition called Secondary Nutritional Hyperparathyroidism (commonly referred to as “Metabolic Bone Disease”. Young, growing animals are particularly prone to this condition. It is generally regarded that most, if not all, species of turtle and lizard, should be provided with UVB lighting, even for the probable short period of time that the animal(s) are to be retained in the store. There is mounting evidence that even nocturnal species such as many of the geckos, can also show improved health with even minimal exposure to this type of light. The provision of UVB light to snake is one of continual debate. Studies have shown that some species respond favourably to exposure while in other species it has been shown to have no apparent affect. As a general recommendation UVB lighting should be provided to snake if the enclosure design and construction allows for it. With this in mind though it is still prudent to allow snakes to experience a normal daylight cycle of visible light. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 17 When using UVB lighting it is also important to consider The age of the light. UVB-producing lights degrade with time and as such need to be replaced as per the manufacturer’s guidelines The distance from the light to the animal. UVB light follows a mathematical principle called the “inverse square law”. This basically means that the further away from the light the animal is the less UVB it is exposed to. With this is mind light should be chosen and positioned so that the animal gains appropriate exposure. As an example an enclosure should not be so tall that no UVB light reaches an animal that spends all of its time on the bottom of the enclosure. Branches and other climbing furniture should be provided so as to allow the reptile or amphibian to be able to regulate it’s own exposure UVB safety. UV light is considered hazardous and some lights have been shown to produce dangerous levels of UV light if faulty. People working with these lights should minimise their exposure where possible and ensure they light are producing appropriate levels of UV light via the use of equipment such as UV meters. Hospital and Quarantine Facilities All sick animals should be removed from display and housed in a separate hospital enclosure to allow adequate monitoring and treatment. These animals should be attended to last to avoid any cross-contamination with healthy animals in the store. If deemed necessary any sick animals should be examined and treated by a veterinarian experienced with reptiles and amphibians All new acquisitions should be housed away from displayed animals until such time that an adequate quarantine period has been observed. This length of time will depend upon: The species involved The possible diseases and illnesses that could potentially be carried by the species in question The source of the animals. Stores should only purchase animals from known breeders with a good reputation. The degree of risk that the store wishes to take. In an ideal world animals may be kept in quarantine for extended periods of time (e.g. in excess of two years for pythons) but is a retail situation this unrealistic. As such stores need to develop a policy for quarantine based on what they feel is adequate for their situation and reputation. They need to be aware of the potential pathogens (e.g. mites, viruses etc.), their biology and what steps can be undertaken to minimise the risks. Zoonotic Diseases Zoonotic diseases are those diseases that can be transferred from animals to humans. Unfortunately there are several potentially zoonotic diseases that can be carried by reptiles and amphibians. These include but are not limited to Salmonella, mycobacteria and Cryptosporidia. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 18 Adequate hygiene is essential when handling reptiles and amphibians. It is imperative that hands should be washed after handling such animals. Hands and fingers should not be placed in the mouth after handling. Equipment, utensils and food related tools should never be prepared or cleaned in the vicinity of where human food is prepared or consumed. People with conditions that result in an immunocompromised state (e.g. receiving chemotherapy, HIV) and children under 5 years of age should have minimal exposure to reptiles and amphibians to decrease the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 19 Minimum Enclosure Standards for Reptiles and Amphibians Part 1 Enclosure Category 1 - Snakes Description 1A Snakes: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <35cm in length Category 1A Snakes: State or Common Name Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Children's Python Small Blotched Python Pygmy Python Scientific Name Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). Antaresia childreni 1 Antaresia maculosa 1 Antaresia perthensis 1 Stimsons Antaresia stimsoni 1 Python Description: 1B Snakes: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles greater than >35cm and less than <75cm in length 1B Snakes: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Children's Python Small Blotched Python Pygmy Python Antaresia childreni 1 Antaresia maculosa 1 Antaresia perthensis 1 Black-headed Python Woma Python Aspidites melanocephalus Aspidites ramsayi 1 Water Python Liasis fuscus 1 Northern Tree Snake Common or Green Tree Snake Olive Python Dendrelaphis calligastra Dendrelaphis punctulata 1 Liasis olivaceus olivaceus Liasis olivaceus baroni Morelia amethistina 1 Morelia spilota bredli Morelia carinata 1 Morelia spilota cheynei 1 Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Centralian Carpet Python Rough-scaled Python Jungle Carpet Python 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 20 South Western Carpet Coastal Carpet Python Inland Carpet Python Diamond Python North Western Carpet Python Green Python Morelia spilota imbricata Morelia spilota mcdowelli Morelia spilota metcalfei Morelia spilota spilota Morelia spilota variegata Morelia virdis 1 Slatey-grey Snake Keelback Stegonotus cucullatus Tropidonophis mairii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description: 1C Snakes: Greater than >75cm and less than <100cm in length Category 1C Snakes: State or Territory VIC,ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Children's Python Small Blotched Python Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage 1 Antaresia childreni 1 Antaresiamaculosa Stimsons Python Black-headed Python Woma Python Antaresia Stimsoni Aspidites melanocephalus Aspidites ramsayi 1 Water Python Liasis fuscus 1 Northern Tree Snake Common or Green Tree Snake Olive Python Dendrelaphis calligastra Dendrelaphis punctulata 1 Liasis olivaceus olivaceus Liasis olivaceus baroni Morelia amethistina 1 Morelia spilota bredli 1 Morelia spilota imbricata Morelia carinata 1 Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Centralian Carpet Python South Western Carpet Rough-scaled Python Comments 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 21 Jungle Carpet Python South Western Carpet Coastal Carpet Python Morelia spilota cheynei Morelia spilota imbricata Morelia spilota mcdowelli 1 Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 1 North Western Carpet Python Green Python Morelia spilota variegata Morelia virdis 1 Green Python Morelia virdis 1 Slatey-grey Snake Keelback Stegonotus cucullatus 1 Tropidonophis mairii 1 1 1 1 Description 1D Snakes: greater than >100cm and less than < 140cm in length Category 1D Snakes: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Children's Python Small Blotched Python Scientific Name Numbers per cage 1 Antaresia childreni 1 Antaresia maculosa Stimsons Python Black-headed Python Woma Python Antaresia Stimsoni Aspidites melanocephalus Aspidites ramsayi 1 Water Python Liasis fuscus 1 Northern Tree Snake Common or Green Tree Snake Olive Python Dendrelaphis calligastra Dendrelaphis punctulata 1 Liasis olivaceus olivaceus Liasis olivaceus baroni 1 Morelia amethistina 1 Morelia spilota bredli 1 Morelia carinata 1 Morelia spilota cheynei Morelia spilota imbricata Morelia spilota mcdowelli Morelia spilota metcalfei 1 Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Centralian Carpet Python Rough-scaled Python Jungle Carpet Python South Western Carpet Coastal Carpet Python Inland Carpet Python Comments 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 22 Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 1 North Western Carpet Python Green Python Morelia spilota variegata Morelia virdis 1 Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus 1 1 Description 1E Snakes: greater than >140cm and less than < 300cm in length Category 1D Snakes: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Black-headed Python Woma Python Aspidites melanocephalus Aspidites ramsayi Liasis fuscus 1 Liasis olivaceus olivaceus Liasis olivaceus baroni Morelia amethistina Morelia spilota bredli Morelia carinata 1 Morelia spilota cheynei Morelia spilota imbricata Morelia spilota mcdowelli Morelia spilota metcalfei Morelia spilota spilota Morelia spilota variegata Morelia virdis 1 Stegonotus cucullatus 1 Water Python Olive Python Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Centralian Carpet Python Rough-scaled Python Jungle Carpet Python South Western Carpet Coastal Carpet Python Inland Carpet Python Diamond Python North Western Carpet Python Green Python Slatey-grey Snake 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description: 1F Snakes: Greater than >300cm in length Category 1D Snakes: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage Aspidites melanocephalus Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 1 Comments Common Name Black-headed Python Olive Python 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 23 Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Centralian Carpet Python Coastal Carpet Python Diamond Python North Western Carpet Python Liasis olivaceus baroni Morelia amethistina Morelia spilota bredli Morelia spilota mcdowelli Morelia spilota spilota Morelia spilota variegata 1 1 1 1 1 1 Enclosure Category 2 – Venomous Snakes Description 2A Venomous Snake: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <50cm in length Category 2A Venomous Snakes State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Common Death Adder Northern Death Adder Pilbara Death Adder Desert Death Adder Brown Tree Snake Acanthophis antarcticus Acanthophis praelongus Acanthophis wellsi Acanthophis pyrrhus Boiga irregularis Lowland Copperhead Eastern Small-eyed Snake Yellow-faced Whip Snake Stephen's Banded Snake Black Tiger Snake Austrelaps superbus Cryptophis nigrescens Demansia psammophis Hoplocephalus stephensii Notechis ater 1 Tiger Snake (all taxa) Notechis scutatus (all taxa) Parademansia microlepidotus Oxyuranus scutellatus Parasuta flagellum Pseudechis australis Pseudechis butleri 1 Fierce Snake Taipan Little Whip Snake Mulga Snake Spotted Mulga Snake (Butler’s Black snake) Numbers Comments per cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 24 Red-bellied Black Snake Dugite Speckled Brown Snake Western Brown Snake (Gwardar) incl Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety Eastern Brown Snake Curl Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus Pseudonaja affinis Pseudonaja guttata Pseudonaja mengdeni including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis Pseudonaja textilis Suta suta 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description 2B Venomous Snake: Greater than >50cm and less than <80cm in length Category 2B Venomous Snakes State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage Common Death Adder Northern Death Adder Pilbara Death Adder Desert Death Adder 1 Brown Tree Snake Acanthophis antarcticus Acanthophis praelongus Acanthophis wellsi Acanthophis pyrrhus Boiga irregularis Lowland Copperhead Eastern Small-eyed Snake Yellow-faced Whip Snake Stephen’s Banded Snake Black Tiger Snake Austrelaps superbus Cryptophis nigrescens Demansia psammophis Hoplocephalus stephensii Notechis ater 1 Tiger Snake (all taxa) Notechis scutatus (all taxa) Parademansia microlepidotus Oxyuranus scutellatus Pseudechis australis Pseudechis butleri 1 Pseudechis porphyriacus 1 Fierce Snake Taipan Mulga Snake Spotted Mulga Snake(Butler’s Black snake) Red-bellied Black Snake Comments 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 25 Dugite Speckled Brown Snake Western Brown Snake (Gwardar),including Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja affinis Pseudonaja guttata Pseudonaja mengdeni, including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis 1 Pseudonaja textilis 1 1 1 Description 2C Venomous Snake: Greater than >80cm and less than <120cm in length Category 2C Venomous Snakes State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage Common Death Adder Northern Death Adder Pilbara Death Adder Desert Death Adder 1 Brown Tree Snake Acanthophis antarcticus Acanthophis praelongus Acanthophis wellsi Acanthophis pyrrhus Boiga irregularis Lowland Copperhead Eastern Small-eyed Snake Yellow-faced Whip Snake Stephen’s Banded Snake Black Tiger Snake Austrelaps superbus Cryptophis nigrescens Demansia psammophis Hoplocephalus stephensii Notechis ater 1 Tiger Snake (all taxa) Notechis scutatus (all taxa) Parademansia microlepidotus Oxyuranus scutellatus Pseudechis australis Pseudechis butleri 1 Pseudechis porphyriacus Pseudonaja affinis 1 Fierce Snake Taipan Mulga Snake Spotted Mulga Snake(Butler’s Black snake) Red-bellied Black Snake Dugite Comments 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 26 Speckled Brown Snake Western Brown Snake (Gwardar),including Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja guttata Pseudonaja mengdeni, including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis 1 Pseudonaja textilis 1 1 Description 2D Venomous Snake: Greater than >120cm in length Category 2D Venomous Snakes State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis 1 Black Tiger Snake Notechis ater 1 Tiger Snake (all taxa) Notechis scutatus (all taxa) Parademansia microlepidotus Oxyuranus scutellatus Pseudechis australis Pseudechis butleri 1 Pseudechis porphyriacus Pseudonaja affinis Pseudonaja guttata Pseudonaja mengdeni, including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis 1 Pseudonaja textilis 1 Fierce Snake Taipan Mulga Snake Spotted Mulga Snake(Butler’s Black Snake) Red-bellied Black Snake Dugite Speckled Brown Snake Western Brown Snake (Gwardar), including Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety Eastern Brown Snake Comments 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 27 Enclosure Category 3 – Lizards Description 3A Geckos: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles Less than <12cm snout to vent length (SV) small housing category Category 3A Geckos: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus Diplodactylus byrnei Diplodactylus conspicillatus Diplodactylus granariensis Diplodactylus tessellatus Diplodactylus vittatus Gehyra australis 1 Gehyra variegata Heteronotia binoei Heteronotia spelea Lucasium damaeum Nephrurus asper 1 Nephrurus laevissimus Nephrurus levis 1 Nephrurus milii 1 Starred Knobtailed Gecko Marbled Velvet Gecko Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko Rough-throated Leaf-tail Gecko Southern Leaftailed Gecko North Spiny-tailed Gecko Jewelled Gecko Nephrurus stellatus Oedura marmorata Oedura tryoni 1 Saltuarius salebrosus Saltuarius swaini 1 Strophurus ciliaris Strophurus elderi 1 Southern Spiny- Strophurus 1 Pink-blotched Gecko Fat-tailed Gecko Western Stone Gecko Tessellated Gecko Eastern Stone Gecko Northern Dtella Tree Dtella Bynoe's Gecko Desert Cave Gecko Beaded Gecko Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough) Pale Knob Tailed Gecko Smooth Knobtailed Gecko Barking Gecko Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 28 tailed Gecko Golden-tailed Gecko intermedius Strophurus taenicauda 1 Description 3B Geckos: Greater than >12cm less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV) medium housing category Category 3B Geckos: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus 2 subadults, 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles Pink-blotched Gecko Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus byrnei Diplodactylus conspicillatus Diplodactylus granariensis Dilodactylus tessellatus Diplodact ylus vittatus Gehyra australis As above Gehyra variegata Heteronotia binoei Heteronotia spelea Lucasium damaeum Nephrurus asper As above Nephrurus laevissimus Nephrurus levis As above Nephrurus milii As above Nephrurus stellatus Oedura marmorata Oedura tryoni As above Saltuarius salebrosus Saltuarius swaini As above Strophurus ciliaris Strophurus elderi As above Western Stone Gecko Tessellated Gecko Eastern Stone Gecko Northern Dtella Tree Dtella Bynoe's Gecko Desert Cave Gecko Beaded Gecko Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough) Pale Knob Tailed Gecko Smooth Knobtailed Gecko Barking Gecko Starred Knobtailed Gecko Marbled Velvet Gecko Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko Rough-throated Leaf- tail Gecko Southern Leaftailed Gecko North Spiny-tailed Gecko Jewelled Gecko Comments As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 29 Southern Spinytailed Gecko Golden-tailed Gecko Strophurus intermedius Strophurus taenicauda As above As above Description 3C Geckos: Greater than >12cm less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV) medium housing category Category 3C Geckos: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus 4 subadults, 2 adult or up to 6 juveniles Pink-blotched Gecko Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus byrnei Diplodactylus conspicillatus Diplodactylus granariensis Dilodactylus tessellatus Diplodact ylus vittatus Gehyra australis As above Gehyra variegata Heteronotia binoei Heteronotia spelea Lucasium damaeum Nephrurus asper As above Nephrurus laevissimus Nephrurus levis As above Nephrurus milii As above Nephrurus stellatus Oedura marmorata Oedura tryoni As above Saltuarius salebrosus Saltuarius swaini As above Strophurus ciliaris As above Western Stone Gecko Tessellated Gecko Eastern Stone Gecko Northern Dtella Tree Dtella Bynoe's Gecko Desert Cave Gecko Beaded Gecko Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough) Pale Knob Tailed Gecko Smooth Knobtailed Gecko Barking Gecko Starred Knobtailed Gecko Marbled Velvet Gecko Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko Rough-throated Leaf- tail Gecko Southern Leaftailed Gecko North Spiny-tailed Gecko Comments As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 30 Jewelled Gecko Strophurus elderi As above Southern Spinytailed Gecko Golden-tailed Gecko Strophurus intermedius Strophurus taenicauda As above As above Description 3 Skinks: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <20cm total length Category 3D Skinks: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). Eastern Threelined Skink Red-throated Skink Major Skink Acritoscincus duperreyi Acritoscincus platynota Bellatorias frerei Sandhill Ctenotus (Brook’s Striped Skink) Ocellated Skink Ctenotus brooksi Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Regal Skink (Eastern Desert Ctenotus) Eastern Striped Skink Sandplain Ctenotus (Schomburgk’s Skink) Pink-tongued Lizard Cunningham's Skink Hosmer's Skink Ctenotus pantherinus Ctenotus regius Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Ctenotus robustus Ctenotus schomburgkii Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Cyclodomorphus gerrardii Egernia cunninghamii Egernia hosmeri Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 Desert Skink Egernia inornata King's Skink Egernia kingii Land Mullet Egernia major Masked Rock Skink South-Western Crevice Egernia Black Rock Skink Egernia margaretae Egernia margaretae Egernia saxatilis Gidgee Skink Egernia stokesii Tree Skink Egernia striolata S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 31 Whites Skink Egernia whitii Narrow-banded Sand Swimmer Broad-banded Sand Swimmer Eastern Water Skink Southern Water Skink Eremiascincus fasciolatus Eremiascincus richardsonii Eulamprus quoyii Bougainville's Skink Burrowing Skink Eulamprus tympanum tympanum subspecies only Hemiergis decresiensis Hemiergis peronii Lampropholis delicata Lampropholis guichenoti Lerista bougainvillii Lerista picturata Adelaide Snakeeye Skink Dwarf Skink Morethia adelaidensis Menetia greyii Boulenger's Skink Morethia boulengeri Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii Pseudemoia spenceri Tiliqua multifasciata Tiliqua nigrolutea Tiliqua occipitalis Three toed Earless Skink Four-toed Earless Skink Garden Skink Grass Skink Southern Grass Skink Spencer's Skink Centralian Bluetongued Lizard Blotched Bluetongued Lizard Western Bluetongued Lizard Shingle-Back Lizard Eastern Bluetongued Lizard Tiliqua rugosus Tiliqua scincoides juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles Description 3E Skinks: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles greater than >20 and less than <40cm (SV) length Category State or Territory 3E Skinks: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 1 subadult or up to 6 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 32 juveniles Ocellated Skink As above Eastern Striped Skink Pink-tongued Lizard Cunningham's Skink Hosmer's Skink Ctenotus pantherinus Ctenotus robustus Cyclodomorphus gerrardii Egernia cunninghamii Egernia hosmeri King's Skink Egernia kingii As above Land Mullet Egernia major As above South-Western Crevice Egernia Black Rock Skink Egernia margaretae Egernia saxatilis As above Gidgee Skink Egernia stokesii As above Tree Skink Egernia striolata As above Eastern Water Skink Centralian Bluetongued Lizard Blotched Bluetongued Lizard Western Bluetongued Lizard Shingle-Back Lizard Eastern Bluetongued Lizard Eulamprus quoyii As above Tiliqua multifasciata Tiliqua nigrolutea Tiliqua occipitalis As above Tiliqua rugosus As above Tiliqua scincoides As above As above As above As above Social species As above As above Social species As above As above Description 3F Skinks: Greater than >40 and less than <80cm total length Category State or Territory 3F Skinks: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles Pink-tongued Lizard King's Skink Cyclodomorphus gerrardii Egernia kingii As above Land Mullet Egernia major As above Centralian Bluetongued Lizard Blotched Bluetongued Lizard Western Bluetongued Lizard Shingle-Back Lizard Eastern Bluetongued Lizard Tiliqua multifasciata Tiliqua nigrolutea Tiliqua occipitalis As above Tiliqua rugosus As above Tiliqua scincoides As above Comments As above As above As above S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 33 Description 3G Dragons: Less than <30cm total length Category State or Territory 3G Dragons VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage Comments Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti Long-nosed Water Dragon Frilled Lizard Lophognathus longirostris Chlamydosaurus kingii Ctenophorus cristatus Ctenophorus decresii Ctenophorus fionni Ctenophorus fordi Ctenophorus isolepis Ctenophorus nuchalis Ctenophorus pictus Ctenophorus reticulatus Ctenophorus vadnappa Ctenphorus fordi Crested Dragon Tawny Dragon Peninsula Dragon Mallee Military Dragon Central Military Dragon Central Netted Dragon Painted Dragon Western Netted Dragon Red-barred Dragon Mallee Dragon Boyd's Forest Dragon Southern Rainforest Dragon Gippsland Water Dragon Eastern Water Dragon Eastern Bearded Dragon Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni) Western Bearded Dragon Central Bearded Dragon Lined Earless Dragon Eyrean Earless Dragon 3 adults or 10 juveniles As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above Hypsilurus boydii As above Hypsilurus spinipes Physignathus lesueurii howittii Physignathus lesueurii Pogona barbata As above Pogona henrylawsoni As above Pogona minor As above Pogona vitticeps As above Tympanocryptis lineata Tympanocryptis tetraporophora As above As above As above As above As above S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 34 Description 3H Dragons: Greater than >30cm and less than <50cm total length Category State or Territory 3H Dragons VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage Comments Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti 2 adults or up to 5 juveniles Long-nosed Water Dragon Frilled Lizard Lophognathus longirostris Chlamydosaurus kingii Ctenophorus cristatus Ctenophorus decresii Ctenophorus fionni Ctenophorus fordi Ctenophorus isolepis Ctenophorus nuchalis Ctenophorus pictus Ctenophorus reticulatus Ctenophorus vadnappa Ctenphorus fordi As above Hypsilurus boydii As above Hypsilurus spinipes Physignathus lesueurii howittii Physignathus lesueurii Pogona barbata As above Pogona henrylawsoni As above Pogona minor As above Pogona vitticeps As above Crested Dragon Tawny Dragon Peninsula Dragon Mallee Military Dragon Central Military Dragon Central Netted Dragon Painted Dragon Western Netted Dragon Red-barred Dragon Mallee Dragon Boyd's Forest Dragon Southern Rainforest Dragon Gippsland Water Dragon Eastern Water Dragon Eastern Bearded Dragon Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni) Western Bearded Dragon Central Bearded Dragon As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above As above Description 3I Dragons: Greater than >50 and less than <90cm total length Category 3I Dragons: State or Territory VIC, ACT, Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 35 NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles Boyd's Forest Dragon Gippsland Water Dragon Eastern Water Dragon Western Bearded Dragon Central Bearded Dragon Hypsilurus boydii As above Physignathus lesueurii howittii Physignathus lesueurii Pogona minor As above Pogona vitticeps As above As above As above Description 3J Monitors: less than <30cm total length Category 3J Monitors: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). Ridge-tailed Monitor Varanus acanthurus 2 subadults, 1 adult or up to 3 juveniles Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor Stripe-tailed Monitor Pygmy Mulga Monitor Sand Monitor Varanus brevicauda Varanus caudolineatus Varanus gilleni As above Varanus gouldii As above Mangrove Monitor Merten's Water Monitor Mitchell's Water Monitor Yellow-spotted Monitor Heath Monitor Varanus indicus As above Varanus mertensi Varanus mitchelli Varanus panoptes Varanus rosenbergi Varanus scalaris As above Varanus spenceri As above Storr's Monitor Varanus storri As above Black-headed Monitor Varanus tristis As above Spotted Tree Monitor Spencer's Monitor As above As above As above As above As above As above Description 3K Monitors: Greater than >30cm and less than <60cm total length Category 3L State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Comments : S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 36 Monitors: WA & SA Ridge-tailed Monitor Varanus acanthurus 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles Stripe-tailed Monitor Pygmy Mulga Monitor Perentie Varanus caudolineatus Varanus gilleni As above Varanus giganteus Varanus gouldii As above Varanus indicus As above Varanus mertensi Varanus mitchelli Varanus panoptes Varanus rosenbergi Varanus scalaris As above Varanus spenceri As above Storr's Monitor Varanus storri As above Black-headed Monitor Lace Monitor Varanus tristis As above Varanus varius As above Sand Monitor Mangrove Monitor Merten's Water Monitor Mitchell's Water Monitor Yellow-spotted Monitor Heath Monitor Spotted Tree Monitor Spencer's Monitor As above As above As above As above As above As above Description 3L Monitors: Greater than >60cm and less than <120cm total length Category 3K Monitors: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Comments : Ridge-tailed Monitor Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor Perentie Sand Monitor Mangrove Monitor Merten's Water Monitor Mitchell's Water Monitor Yellow-spotted Monitor Heath Monitor Spotted Tree Monitor Spencer's Monitor Varanus acanthurus Varanus brevicauda Varanus giganteus Varanus gouldii 1 Varanus indicus 1 Varanus mertensi Varanus mitchelli Varanus panoptes Varanus rosenbergi Varanus scalaris 1 Varanus spenceri 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 37 Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 1 Black-headed Monitor Lace Monitor Varanus tristis 1 Varanus varius 1 Description 3M Monitors: Greater than >120cm total length Category 3M Monitors: State or Territory NT, SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Perentie 1 Sand Monitor Varanus giganteus Varanus gouldii Yellow-spotted Monitor Spencer's Monitor Varanus panoptes Varanus spenceri 1 Lace Monitor Varanus varius 1 Comments 1 1 Description 3N Legless Lizards: Less than <30cm total length Category 3N Legless Lizards: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). Southern Legless Lizard Delma australis 2 adults or up to 6 juveniles Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard) Adelaide Snakelizard Burton's SnakeLizard Common Scalyfoot Western Hooded Scaly-foot Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot Delma inornata As above Delma molleri As above Lialis burtonis As above Pygopus lepidopodus Pygopus nigriceps Pygopus schraderi As above As above As above S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 38 Description 3O Legless Lizards: Greater than >30cm and less than <70cm total length Category 3O Legless Lizards: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard) Adelaide Snakelizard Burton's SnakeLizard Common Scalyfoot Western Hooded Scaly-foot Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot Delma inornata 3 adults or up to 10 juveniles Delma molleri As above Lialis burtonis As above Pygopus lepidopodus Pygopus nigriceps Pygopus schraderi As above Comments As above As above Enclosure Category 4 - Freshwater Turtles Minimum 1800 sqcm Description 4A Freshwater Turtles: 0-10cm Carapace length Category 4A Freshwater Turtles: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta Chelodina longicollis Chelodina expansa Chelodina oblonga Chelodina rugosa Chelodina steindachneri Elseya dentate Common Longnecked Turtle Broad-shelled River Turtle Oblong Turtle Northern Snakenecked Turtle Steindachner’s Turtle Northern Snapping Turtle Saw-shelled Turtle Mary River Tortoise Krefft’s River Turtle Murray Shortnecked Turtle Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only) Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Elseya latisternum Elusor macrurus 10 Emydura krefftii 10 Emydura macquarii Emydura subglobosa subglobosa 10 10 10 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 39 Description 4B FreshwaterTurtles: Greater than >10cm and less than <20cm Carapace length Category 4B Freshwater Turtles: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta Chelodina longicollis Chelodina expansa Chelodina oblonga Chelodina rugosa Chelodina steindachneri Elseya dentate 6 Elseya latisternum Elusor macrurus 6 Emydura krefftii 6 Emydura macquarii 6 Common Longnecked Turtle Broad-shelled River Turtle Oblong Turtle Northern Snakenecked Turtle Steindachner’s Turtle Northern Snapping Turtle Saw-shelled Turtle Mary River Tortoise Krefft's River Turtle Murray Shortnecked Turtle Comments 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Description 4C Freshwater Turtles: Greater than >20cm Carapace length Category 4C Freshwater Turtles: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta Chelodina longicollis Chelodina expansa Chelodina oblonga Chelodina rugosa Chelodina steindachneri Elseya dentate 3 Elseya latisternum Elusor macrurus 3 Emydura krefftii 3 Common Longnecked Turtle Broad-shelled River Turtle Oblong Turtle Northern Snakenecked Turtle Steindachner’s Turtle Northern Snapping Turtle Saw-shelled Turtle Mary River Tortoise Krefft's River Comments 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 40 Turtle Murray Shortnecked Turtle Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only) Emydura macquarii Emydura subglobosa subglobosa 3 3 Enclosure Category 5 - Frogs Description 5A Frogs: Less than <6cm snout to vent length (SV) Category 5A Frogs: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Water-holding Frog Southern Smooth Froglet Western Spotted Frog Brown Striped Frog Green Tree Frog Cyclorana platycephala Geocrinia laevis Heleioporus albopunctatus Limnodynastes peronii Litoria caerulea 6 Blue Mountains Tree Frog Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Dainty Green Tree Frog Giant Tree Frog Litoria citropa 6 Litoria fallax 6 Litoria gracilenta 6 Litoria infrafrenata Litoria lesueuri 6 Western Green Tree Frog Narrow-fringed Frog Peron's Tree Frog Litoria moorei 6 Litoria nudidigita 6 Litoria peronii 6 Leaf Green Tree Frog Magnificient Tree Frog Whistling Tree Frog Great Barred Frog Litoria phyllochroa Litoria splendida 6 Litoria verreauxii 6 Mixophyes fasciolatus Mixophyes iteratus Neobatrachus sudelli Paracrinia haswelli 6 Leseur's Frog Giant Barred Frog Common Spadefoot Toad Haswell's Frog Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Description 5B Frogs: Greater than >6cm and less than <12cm snout to vent length (SV) S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 41 Category 5B Frogs: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Water-holding Frog Western Spotted Frog Brown Striped Frog Green Tree Frog Cyclorana platycephala 6 Heleioporus albopunctatus Limnodynastes peronii 6 Litoria caerulea 6 Blue Mountains Tree Frog Giant Tree Frog Litoria citropa 6 Litoria infrafrenata 6 Leseur's Frog Litoria lesueuri 6 Western Green Tree Frog Magnificient Tree Frog Great Barred Frog Litoria moorei 6 Litoria splendida 6 Mixophyes fasciolatus 6 Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus 6 Comments 6 Enclosure Category 6 - Crocodiles Description 6A Crocodiles: Freshwater Crocodiles less than <30 cm total length Category 6A: State or Territory NT, SA Common Name Scientific Name Freshwater Crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 20cm Freshwater Crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni 6 Minimum water depth: 30cm Freshwater Crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 40cm Freshwater Crocodiles: less than <30 cm, individual housing 6B: Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2). NT, SA Freshwater Crocodiles: less than <30 cm, multiple numbers 6C: Freshwater Crocodiles: greater than >30 less than <60 cm 6D: NT, SA NT, SA S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 42 Freshwater Crocodiles: greater than >60 cm less than <100cm 6E: Freshwater Crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 50cm Freshwater Crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 50cm NT, SA Freshwater Crocodiles: greater than >100cm S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 43 Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations Outdoor Enclosure Category 7 - Snakes Description 7A Snakes: Greater than >80cm and less than <120cm in length Category 7A Snakes: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Children's Python Antaresia childreni Small Blotched Python Antaresia maculosa Numbers Comments per cage Note: The keeping of Reptiles and Amphibians outdoors COMES WITH BIG WARNINGS (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). 2 2 Pygmy Python Antaresia perthensis 2 Stimsons Python Black-headed Python Woma Python Antaresia Stimsoni Aspidites melanocephalus 2 Aspidites ramsayi 2 Water Python Liasis fuscus 2 Northern Tree Snake Common or Green Tree Snake Olive Python Dendrelaphis calligastra 2 Dendrelaphis punctulata 2 Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2 Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Liasis olivaceus baroni 2 Morelia amethistina 2 Centralian Carpet Python Rough-scaled Python Jungle Carpet Python South Western Carpet Coastal Carpet Python Inland Carpet Python Diamond Python Morelia spilota bredli 2 Morelia carinata 2 Morelia spilota cheynei 2 Morelia spilota imbricata 2 Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2 Morelia spilota metcalfei 2 Morelia spilota spilota 2 North Western Carpet Python Green Python Morelia spilota variegata 2 Morelia spilota virdis 2 Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus 2 Keelback Tropidonophis mairii 2 2 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 44 Description 7B Snakes: Greater than >120 and less than <180cm in length Category 7B Snak es: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Comments per cage Note: The keeping of Reptiles and Amphibians outdoors COMES WITH BIG WARNINGS (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). 2 Black-headed Python Woma Python Aspidites melanocephalus Aspidites ramsayi 2 Water Python Liasis fuscus 2 Northern Tree Snake Common or Green Tree Snake Olive Python Dendrelaphis calligastra 2 Dendrelaphis punctulata 2 Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2 Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Liasis olivaceus baroni 2 Morelia amethistina 2 Centralian Carpet Python Rough-scaled Python Jungle Carpet Python South Western Carpet Coastal Carpet Python Inland Carpet Python Diamond Python Morelia spilota bredli 2 Morelia carinata 2 Morelia spilota cheynei 2 Morelia spilota imbricata 2 Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2 Morelia spilota metcalfei 2 Morelia spilota spilota 2 North Western Carpet Python Green Python Morelia spilota variegata 2 Morelia spilota virdis 2 Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus 2 Description 7C Snakes: Greater than >180 and less than <300cm in length Category 7C Snakes: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage Black-headed Python Woma Python Aspidites melanocephalus 2 Aspidites ramsayi 2 Water Python Liasis fuscus 2 Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2 Pilbara Olive Liasis olivaceus baroni 2 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 45 Python Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 2 Centralian Carpet Python Rough-scaled Python Jungle Carpet Python South Western Carpet Coastal Carpet Python Inland Carpet Python Diamond Python Morelia spilota bredli 2 Morelia carinata 2 Morelia spilota cheynei 2 Morelia spilota imbricata 2 Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2 Morelia spilota metcalfei 2 Morelia spilota spilota 2 North Western Carpet Python Green Python Morelia spilota variegata 2 Morelia spilota virdis 2 Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus 2 Description 7D Snakes: Greater than >300cm in length Category 7D Snakes: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage Black-headed Python Olive Python Aspidites melanocephalus 2 Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2 Pilbara Olive Python Scrub Python Liasis olivaceus baroni 2 Morelia amethistina 2 Centralian Carpet Python Coastal Carpet Python Diamond Python Morelia spilota bredli 2 Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2 Morelia spilota spilota 2 North Western Carpet Python Morelia spilota variegata 2 Comments Outdoor Enclosure Category 8 - Geckos Description 8A Geckos: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV) Category 8A Geckos: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus Pink-blotched Gecko Diplodactylus byrnei Numbers Comments Per Cage Note: Screen mesh enclosure or fine wire 6.5mm x 6.5mm enclosure (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). 2 2 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 46 Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus conspicillatus Diplodactylus granariensis Diplodactylus tessellatus 2 Eastern Stone Gecko Northern Dtella Diplodactylus vittatus 2 Gehyra australis 2 Tree Dtella Gehyra variegata 2 Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei 2 Desert Cave Gecko Beaded Gecko Heteronotia spelea 2 Lucasium damaeum 2 Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough) Pale Knob Tailed Gecko Smooth Knobtailed Gecko Barking Gecko Nephrurus asper 2 Nephrurus laevissimus 2 Nephrurus levis 2 Nephrurus milii 2 Starred Knobtailed Gecko Marbled Velvet Gecko Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko Rough-throated Leaf-tail Gecko Southern Leaftailed Gecko North Spiny-tailed Gecko Jewelled Gecko Nephrurus stellatus 2 Oedura marmorata 2 Oedura tryoni 2 Saltuarius salebrosus 2 Saltuarius swaini 2 Strophurus ciliaris 2 Strophurus elderi 2 Southern Spinytailed Gecko Golden-tailed Gecko Strophurus intermedius 2 Strophurus taenicauda 2 Western Stone Gecko Tessellated Gecko 2 2 Description 8B Geckos: Greater than >25cm snout to vent length (SV) Category 8B Geckos: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus Pink-blotched Gecko Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus byrnei 6 Diplodactylus conspicillatus Diplodactylus granariensis Diplodactylus tessellatus 6 Western Stone Gecko Tessellated Gecko Numbers Comments Per Cage Note: Fine wire 6.5mm x 6.5mm enclosure (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). 6 6 6 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 47 Eastern Stone Gecko Northern Dtella Diplodactylus vittatus 6 Gehyra australis 6 Tree Dtella Gehyra variegata 6 Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei 6 Desert Cave Gecko Beaded Gecko Heteronotia spelea 6 Lucasium damaeum 6 Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough) Pale Knob Tailed Gecko Smooth Knobtailed Gecko Barking Gecko Nephrurus asper 6 Nephrurus laevissimus 6 Nephrurus levis 6 Nephrurus milii 6 Starred Knobtailed Gecko Marbled Velvet Gecko Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko Rough-throated Leaf-tail Gecko Southern Leaftailed Gecko North Spiny-tailed Gecko Jewelled Gecko Nephrurus stellatus 6 Oedura marmorata 6 Oedura tryoni 6 Saltuarius salebrosus 6 Saltuarius swaini 6 Strophurus ciliaris 6 Strophurus elderi 6 Southern Spinytailed Gecko Golden-tailed Gecko Strophurus intermedius 6 Strophurus taenicauda 6 Outdoor Enclosure Category 9 - Skinks Category Category 9A Skinks: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 6 Ocellated Skink Ctenotus pantherinus 6 Eastern Striped Skink Pink-tongued Lizard Cunningham's Skink Hosmer's Skink Ctenotus robustus 6 Cyclodomorphus gerrardii 6 Egernia cunninghamii 6 Egernia hosmeri 6 King's Skink Egernia kingii 6 Land Mullet Egernia major 6 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 48 South-Western Crevice Egernia Black Rock Skink Egernia margaretae 6 Egernia saxatilis 6 Gidgee Skink Egernia stokesii 6 Tree Skink Egernia striolata 6 Eastern Water Skink Centralian Bluetongued Lizard Blotched Bluetongued Lizard Western Bluetongued Lizard Shingle-Back Lizard Eastern Bluetongued Lizard Eulamprus quoyii 6 Tiliqua multifasciata 6 Tiliqua nigrolutea 6 Tiliqua occipitalis 6 Tiliqua rugosus 6 Tiliqua scincoides 6 A social species Description 9B Skinks: Greater than >40 and less than <80cm total length Category 9B Skinks: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 4 Pink-tongued Lizard King's Skink Cyclodomorphus gerrardii 4 Egernia kingii 4 Land Mullet Egernia major 4 Centralian Bluetongued Lizard Blotched Bluetongued Lizard Western Bluetongued Lizard Shingle-Back Lizard Eastern Bluetongued Lizard Tiliqua multifasciata 4 Tiliqua nigrolutea 4 Tiliqua occipitalis 4 Tiliqua rugosus 4 Tiliqua scincoides 4 Comments Outdoor Enclosure Category 10 - Dragons Description 10A Dragons: Less than <30cm total length Category 10A Dragons: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Comments Per Cage Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations. 4 Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti Long-nosed Water Dragon Frilled Lizard Lophognathus longirostris 4 Chlamydosaurus kingii 4 Crested Dragon Ctenophorus cristatus 4 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 49 Tawny Dragon Ctenophorus decresii 4 Peninsula Dragon Ctenophorus fionni 4 Mallee Military Dragon Central Military Dragon Central Netted Dragon Painted Dragon Ctenophorus fordi 4 Ctenophorus isolepis 4 Ctenophorus nuchalis 4 Ctenophorus pictus 4 Western Netted Dragon Red-barred Dragon Mallee Dragon Ctenophorus reticulatus 4 Ctenophorus vadnappa 4 Ctenphorus fordi 4 Boyd's Forest Dragon Southern Rainforest Dragon Gippsland Water Dragon Eastern Water Dragon Eastern Bearded Dragon Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni) Western Bearded Dragon Central Bearded Dragon Lined Earless Dragon Eyrean Earless Dragon Hypsilurus boydii 4 Hypsilurus spinipes 4 Physignathus lesueurii howittii Physignathus lesueurii 4 Pogona barbata 4 Pogona henrylawsoni 4 Pogona minor 4 Pogona vitticeps 4 Tympanocryptis lineata 4 Tympanocryptis tetraporophora 4 4 Description 10B Dragons: Greater than >30cm and less than <50cm total length Category 10B Dragons: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti 6 Long-nosed Water Dragon Frilled Lizard Lophognathus longirostris 6 Chlamydosaurus kingii 6 Crested Dragon Ctenophorus cristatus 6 Tawny Dragon Ctenophorus decresii 6 Peninsula Dragon Ctenophorus fionni 6 Mallee Dragon Central Dragon Military Ctenophorus fordi 6 Military Ctenophorus isolepis 6 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 50 Central Netted Dragon Painted Dragon Ctenophorus nuchalis 6 Ctenophorus pictus 6 Western Netted Dragon Red-barred Dragon Mallee Dragon Ctenophorus reticulatus 6 Ctenophorus vadnappa 6 Ctenphorus fordi 6 Boyd's Forest Dragon Southern Rainforest Dragon Gippsland Water Dragon Eastern Water Dragon Eastern Bearded Dragon Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni) Western Bearded Dragon Central Bearded Dragon Hypsilurus boydii 6 Hypsilurus spinipes 6 Physignathus lesueurii howittii Physignathus lesueurii 6 Pogona barbata 6 Pogona henrylawsoni 6 Pogona minor 6 Pogona vitticeps 6 6 Description 10C Dragons: Greater than >50cm and less than < 90cm total length Category 10C Dragons: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii 2 Boyd's Forest Dragon Gippsland Water Dragon Eastern Water Dragon Western Bearded Dragon Central Bearded Dragon Hypsilurus boydii 2 Physignathus lesueurii howittii Physignathus lesueurii 2 Pogona minor 2 Pogona vitticeps 2 Comments 2 Outdoor Enclosure Category 11 – Monitors Description 11A Monitors: Greater than >30cm total Category 11A Monitors: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Ridge-tailed Monitor Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor Varanus acanthurus 6 Varanus brevicauda 6 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 51 Stripe-tailed Monitor Pygmy Mulga Monitor Sand Monitor Varanus caudolineatus 6 Varanus gilleni 6 Varanus gouldii 6 Mangrove Monitor Merten's Water Monitor Mitchell's Water Monitor Yellow-spotted Monitor Heath Monitor Varanus indicus 6 Varanus mertensi 6 Varanus mitchelli 6 Varanus panoptes 6 Varanus rosenbergi 6 Spotted Tree Monitor Spencer's Monitor Varanus scalaris 6 Varanus spenceri 6 Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 6 Black-headed Monitor Varanus tristis 6 Description 11B Monitors: Greater than >30cm and less than< 60cm total length Category 11B Monitors: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Ridge-tailed Monitor Stripe-tailed Monitor Pygmy Mulga Monitor Perentie Varanus acanthurus 2 Varanus caudolineatus 2 Varanus gilleni 2 Varanus giganteus 2 Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 2 Mangrove Monitor Merten's Water Monitor Mitchell's Water Monitor Yellow-spotted Monitor Heath Monitor Varanus indicus 2 Varanus mertensi 2 Varanus mitchelli 2 Varanus panoptes 2 Varanus rosenbergi 2 Spotted Tree Monitor Spencer's Monitor Varanus scalaris 2 Varanus spenceri 2 Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 2 Black-headed Monitor Lace Monitor Varanus tristis 2 Varanus varius 2 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 52 Category Category 11B Monitors: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Ridge-tailed Monitor Stripe-tailed Monitor Pygmy Mulga Monitor Perentie Varanus acanthurus 2 Varanus caudolineatus 2 Varanus gilleni 2 Varanus giganteus 2 Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 2 Mangrove Monitor Merten's Water Monitor Mitchell's Water Monitor Yellow-spotted Monitor Heath Monitor Varanus indicus 2 Varanus mertensi 2 Varanus mitchelli 2 Varanus panoptes 2 Varanus rosenbergi 2 Spotted Tree Monitor Spencer's Monitor Varanus scalaris 2 Varanus spenceri 2 Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 2 Black-headed Monitor Lace Monitor Varanus tristis 2 Varanus varius 2 Comments Description 11C Monitors: Greater than >60cm and less than <120cm total length Category 11C Monitors: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Ridge-tailed Monitor Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor Perentie Varanus acanthurus 1 Varanus brevicauda 1 Varanus giganteus 1 Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 1 Mangrove Monitor Merten's Water Monitor Mitchell's Water Monitor Yellow-spotted Monitor Heath Monitor Varanus indicus 1 Varanus mertensi 1 Varanus mitchelli 1 Varanus panoptes 1 Varanus rosenbergi 1 Spotted Tree Monitor Varanus scalaris 1 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 53 Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 1 Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 1 Black-headed Monitor Lace Monitor Varanus tristis 1 Varanus varius 1 Description 11D Monitors: Greater than >120cm total length Category 11D Monitors: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Perentie Varanus giganteus 2 Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 2 Yellow-spotted Monitor Spencer's Monitor Varanus panoptes 2 Varanus spenceri 2 Lace Monitor Varanus varius 2 Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Southern Legless Lizard Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard) Adelaide Snakelizard Burton's SnakeLizard Common Scalyfoot Western Hooded Scaly-foot Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot Delma australis 6 Delma inornata 6 Delma molleri 6 Lialis burtonis 6 Pygopus lepidopodus 6 Pygopus nigriceps 6 Pygopus schraderi 6 Comments Category Category 12A Legless Lizards: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Comments Description 12B Legless Lizards: Greater than >30cm and less than <60cm total length Category 12B Legless Lizards: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard) Adelaide Snakelizard Burton's SnakeLizard Common Scalyfoot Delma inornata 3 Delma molleri 3 Lialis burtonis 3 Pygopus lepidopodus 3 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 54 Western Hooded Scaly-foot Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot Pygopus nigriceps 3 Pygopus schraderi 3 Outdoor Enclosure Category 4 - Freshwater Turtles Description 13A Turtles: Greater than >10 and less than <20cm Carapace length Category 13A Freshwater Turtles: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta 12 Common longnecked Turtle Broad-shelled River Turtle Oblong Turtle Chelodina longicollis 12 Chelodina expansa 12 Chelodina oblonga 12 Northern Snakenecked Turtle Steindachner’s Turtle Northern Snapping Turtle Saw-shelled Turtle Chelodina rugosa 12 Chelodina steindachneri 12 Elseya dentate 12 Elseya latisternum 12 Mary River Tortoise Krefft's River Turtle Murray shortnecked Turtle Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only) Elusor macrurus 12 Emydura krefftii 12 Emydura macquarii 12 Emydura subglobosa subglobosa 12 Comments Description 13B Turtles: Greater than >20cm Carapace length Category 13B Freshwater Turtles: State or Territory VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta 8 Common longnecked Turtle Broad-shelled River Turtle Oblong Turtle Chelodina longicollis 8 Chelodina expansa 8 Chelodina oblonga 8 Northern Snakenecked Turtle Steindachner’s Turtle Northern Snapping Turtle Saw-shelled Turtle Chelodina rugosa 8 Chelodina steindachneri 8 Elseya dentate 8 Elseya latisternum 8 Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 55 Mary River Tortoise Krefft's River Turtle Murray shortnecked Turtle Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only) Elusor macrurus 8 Emydura krefftii 8 Emydura macquarii 8 Emydurasubglobosa subglobosa 8 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 56 Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 Reptile and Amphibian Indoor Enclosure Recommendations Enclosure Category 1 - Snakes Category for housing 1A Snakes: small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <35cm in length 1B Snakes: small species, hatchlings and juveniles greater than >35cm less than <75cm in length 1C Snakes: greater than >75cm less than <100cm in length 1D Snakes: greater than >100 less than <140cm in length 1E Snakes: greater than >140cm to 300cm in length 1F Snakes: greater than >300cm in length Enclosure Size Example (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) 20cm x 15cm x 10cm Number of animal(s) per cage Minimum Floor area (cm2) Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) 1 300sqcm N/A 26cm x 16cm x 16cm 1 416sqcm N/A 45cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 2025sqcm 500sqcm 60cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 2700sqcm 1000sqcm 90cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 120cm x 60cm x 60cm 1 405 0sq cm 7200sqcm Comments Best kept as individuals (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). 1500sq cm 2250sqcm S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 57 Enclosure Category 2 - Venomous Snakes. A dangerously venomous snake must be housed in a lockable escape-proof enclosure that is in a lockable escape-proof room. 2A Venomous Snake: small species and hatchlings less than <50cm in length 2B Venomous Snake: small species and hatchlings greater than >50cm less than <80cm in length 2C Venomous Snake: greater than >80cm less than <120cm in length 2D Venomous Snake: greater than >120cm in length 26cm x 16cm x 16cm 1 416sqcm N/A 45cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 2025sqcm N/A 90cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 4050sqcm 1500sqcm 120cm x 60cm x 60cm 1 7200sqcm 2250sqcm Minimum Floor area (cm2) Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) Enclosure Category 3 - Lizards Category for housing 3A Geckos: less than <12cm snout to vent length (SV) 3B Geckos: greater than >12cm less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV) 3C Geckos: less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV) 3D Skinks: less than <20cm total length 3E: Skinks: greater than >20 less than <40cm total length 3F Skinks: greater than >40 less than <80cm total length 3G Dragons: less than <30cm total length Enclosure Size Example (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) 20cm x 15cm x 10cm Number of animal(s) per cage 1 300sqcm 200sqcm 30cm x 30cm x 30cm 2 sub-adults, 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles 900sqcm 300sqcm 45cm x 30cm x 40cm 4 sub-adults, 2 adults or up to 6 juveniles Up to 3 juveniles 1 sub-adult or up to 6 juveniles 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles 1350sqcm 350sqcm 416sqcm 350sqcm 1350sqcm 350sqcm 4050sqcm 500sqcm 3 adults or 10 juveniles 2100sqcm 350sqcm 26cm x 16cm x 16cm 45cm x 30cm x 45cm 90cm x 45cm x 45cm 52.5cm x 40cm x 45cm Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 58 3H Dragons: greater than >30cm less than <50cm total length 3I Dragons: greater than >50 less than <90cm total length 3J Monitors: less than<30cm total length 3K Monitors: greater than >30cm less than <60cm total length 3L Monitors: greater than >60 less than <120cm total length 3M Monitors: greater than >120cm total length 3N Legless Lizards: less than <30cm total length 3O Legless Lizards: greater than >30cm less than <70cm total length 62.5cm x 40cm x 45cm 2 adults or up to 5 juveniles 2500sqcm 600sqcm 120cm x 58cm x 60cm 1 Adult or up to 6 juveniles 6960sqcm 3500sqcm 45cm x 30cm x 40cm 2 sub-adults, 1 adult or up to 3 juveniles 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles 1350sqcm 350sqcm 2400sqcm 600sqcm 90cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 4050sqcm 3000sqcm 140cm x 60cm x 60cm 1 8400sqcm 45cm x 30cm x 40cm 2 adults or up to 6 juveniles 1350sqcm 350sqcm 60cm x 40cm x 40cm 3 adults or up to 10 juveniles 2400sqcm 350sqcm 60cm x 40cm x 50cm One monitor housed only Enclosure Category 4 - Freshwater Turtles Category for housing 4A Freshwater Turtles: 0-10cm Carapace length 4B Freshwater Turtles: greater than >10 less than <20cm Carapace length 4C Freshwater Turtles: greater than >20cm Carapace length Enclosure Size Example (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) 60cm x 30cm x 30cm Number of animal(s) per cage Minimum Floor area (cm2) Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) Comments 10 1800 sqcm 350sqcm Minimum water depth: 20cm 90cm x 40cm x 40cm 6 3600 sqcm 600sqcm Minimum water depth: 30cm 90cm x 50cm x 60cm 3 4500 sqcm 1500sqcm Minimum water depth: 30cm S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 59 Enclosure Category 5 - Frogs Category for housing 5A Frogs: less than <6cm snout to vent length (SV) 5B Frogs: greater than >6cm less than <12cm snout to vent length (SV) Enclosure Size Example (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) 30cm x 30cm x 30cm Number of animal(s) per cage Minimum Floor area (cm2) Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) 60cm x 45cm x 43cm Comments 6 900 sqcm 350sqcm 6 2700 sqcm 350sqcm Enclosure Size Example (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) 45cm x 25cm x 30cm Number of animal(s) per cage Minimum Floor area (cm2) Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) 1 1125 sqcm N/A Minimum water depth: 20cm 60cm x 30cm x 50cm 6 1800 sqcm N/A Minimum water depth: 30cm 90cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 4050sqcm N/A Minimum water depth: 40cm 120cm x 60cm x 60cm 1 7020sqcm N/A Minimum water depth: 50cm Enclosure Category 6 - Crocodiles Category for housing 6A Freshwater Crocodiles: less than <30 cm 6B Freshwater Crocodiles: less than <30 cm 6C Freshwater Crocodiles: greater than > 30 less than <60 cm 6D Freshwater Crocodiles: greater than >60 cm less than <100cm Comments S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 60 Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations Category for housing Enclosure Size (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) Number of animal(s) per cage Minimum Floor area (cm2) Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) Comments Enclosure Category 7 - Snakes 7A Snakes: greater than >80cm less than <120cm in length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 2 10,800sqc m Note: The keeping of Reptiles and Amphibians outdoors COMES WITH BIG WARNINGS (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). 7B Snakes: greater than >120 less than <180cm in length 7C Snakes: greater than >180cm less than 300cm in length 7D Snakes: greater than >300cm in length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 2 10,800sqc m N/A 180cm x 90cm x 90cm 2 16,200sqc m N/A 240cm x 120cm x 90cm 2 28,800sqc m N/A Minimum Floor area (cm2) Enclosure Category 8 - Geckos Category for housing 8A Geckos: less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV) 8B Geckos: greater than >25cm snout to vent length (SV) Enclosure Size Example (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) 22cm x 12cm x 12cm 42cm x 42cm x 76cm Number of animal(s) per cage 2 264sqcm Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) N/A 6 1764sqcm N/A Comments Note: Screen mesh enclosure. Note: Screen mesh enclosure. Enclosure Category 9 - Skinks 9A Skinks: greater than >20 less than <40cm total length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 6 10,800sqc m 9B Skinks: greater than >40 less than <80cm total length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 4 10,800sqc m Note: Skinks housed together can be very territorial and aggressive. Monitoring of behaviour is required. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 61 Enclosure Category 10 - Dragons 10A Dragons: less than <30cm total length 42cm x 42cm x 76cm 4 1764sqcm 10B Dragons: greater than >30cm less than <50cm total length 10C Dragons: greater than >50 less than < 90cm total length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 6 10,800sqc m 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 2 10,800sqc m Note: Most species of dragons can be kept outdoors (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). Enclosure Category 11 - Monitors 11A Monitors: greater than >30cm total length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 6 10,800sqc m 11B Monitors: greater than >30cm less than <60cm total length 11C Monitors: greater than >60cm less than <120cm total length 11D Monitors: greater than >120cm total length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 2 10,800sqc m 180cm x 90cm x 90cm 1 16,200sqc m 3m x 2.0m x 1.8m 2 60000sqc m Note: Most species of Monitors can be kept outdoors with careful planning (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). Suspended enclosure Enclosure Category 12 – Legless Lizards 12A Legless Lizards: less than <30cm total length 42cm x 42cm x 76cm 6 1764sqcm 12B Legless Lizards: greater than >30cm less than <60cm total length 120cm x 90cm x 90cm 3 10,800sqc m Note: Screen mesh enclosure or habitat Note: Most species of Legless Lizards can be kept outdoors (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 62 Enclosure Category 13 Turtles Category for housing 13A Turtles: greater than >10 less than <20cm Carapace length 13B Turtles: greater than > 20cm Carapace length Enclosure Size Example (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) 3m x 2.0m x 1.8m Outdoor pond measuring 2m x 1.2m x 0.6m water depth 3m x 2.0m x 1.8m Outdoor pond measuring 2m x 1.2m x 0.6m water depth Number of animal(s) per cage Minimum Floor area (cm2) 12 60000sqc m 8 60000sqc m Increased area for each additional animal (cm2) Comments Note: It is advisable to keep and maintain juvenile turtles indoors. Most species of freshwater turtles can be kept in outdoor ponds (refer to Housing and Husbandry section). S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 63 Reptiles and Amphibians on the States and Territories of Australia Trading List Enclosure examples (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H) Image 1: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa maculosa Image 2: An Inland Carpet Python Morelia metcalfei maculosa Image 3: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa maculosa maculosa Image 4: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa maculosa maculosa Image 1: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa 45cm in length. 60cm in length, housed in a 26cm (W) x 16cm (D) x 16cm (H) clear enclosure with a coloured ventilated lid (minimum floor area 416sqcm). Image 2: An Inland Carpet Python Morelia metcalfei. (same enclosure as above) Images 3 & 4: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa 120cm in length, housed in a 60cm (W) x 45cm (D) x 50cm glass enclosure, landscaped with furniture, hide and water bowl (minimum floor area 2700sqcm). S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 64 Image 6: Six Inland Bearded Dragons, Pogona Vitticeps Image 5; An Inland Bearded Dragon, Pogona Vitticeps Image 7: Two Smooth Knob-Tailed Geckos, Nephurus Levis Image 8: Smooth Knob-Tailed Geckos, Nephurus Levis Image 5: An Inland Bearded Dragon, Pogona vitticeps 35cm in length Image 6: Six Inland Bearded Dragons Pogona vitticeps 14cm in length, housed in a 60cm (W) x 45cm (D) x 50cm glass enclosure, landscaped with furniture and water bowl. This enclosure can house 3 sub-adults, 2 adults or up to 6 juveniles (minimum floor area 2700sqcm Images 7 & 8: Smooth Knob-tailed Geckos/Gecko, Nephurus levis greater than >12cm (SV) length, housed in a 30cm (W) x 30cm (D) x 30cm (H) glass enclosure with furniture, sand substrate, hide and shallow water dish (minimum floor area 900sqcm). S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 65 Images 9 & 10: Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea Images 11 & 12: Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii Images 9 & 10: Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea, 8 cm (SV) length, housed in a 45cm (W) x 45cm (D) x 60cm (H) glass enclosure with furniture, live plants and aquarium gravel and a water depth 10 cm (Images 11 & 12: Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii minimum floor area Images 11: Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii, 3 x12 cm carapace length and housed in a 90cm (W) x 40cm (D) x 30cm (H) glass tank with furniture, silk plants, turtle doc, aquarium gravel and a water depth 20 cm (minimum floor area 2700sqcm). S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 66 Images 12: 6 x Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii, 7 cm carapace length. (same tank size as above) Images 13 & 14: Two Diamond Pythons Morelia spilota spilota Images 13 & 14: 2 x Diamond Pythons Morelia spilota spilota, 120cm in length, housed in a 240cm (W) x 120cm (D) x 210cm (H) outdoor enclosure with furniture, hide box with a gravel substrate and a water feature at a depth of 10 cm (minimum floor area 28,800sqcm). S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 67 Appendix 1: States and Territories of Australia Reptile and Amphibian Licensing Systems The following is a summary of the current licensing systems for States and Territories of Australia: Tasmania (TAS) Parks and Wildlife Service GPO Box 1751 Hobart TAS 7001 http://www.parks.tas.gov.au 1300 827 727 There are three species of snakes, seventeen species of lizards and eleven species of frogs found in Tasmania. Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania do not allow a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system. It is illegal to sell Reptiles and Amphibians through pet shops. Victoria (VIC) State Government Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries PO BOX 500 Melbourne VIC 8002 http://www.depi.vic.gov.au 136 186 Victoria has a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and Amphibians can be sold through pet shops in Victoria in three categories: 1. ANIMALS OF CAPTIVE-BRED WILDLIFE THAT MAY BE HELD FOR PRIVATE PURPOSES WITHOUT A LICENCE 2. ANIMALS THAT MAY BE HELD PRIVATELY UNDER A WILDLIFE BASIC LICENCE VICTORIA 3. ANIMALS THAT MAY BE HELD PRIVATELY UNDER A WILDLIFE ADVANCED LICENCE. Australian Capital Territory (ACT) ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services GPO Box 158 Canberra ACT 2601 http://www.tams.act.gov.au/ 13 22 81 The ACT has a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and Amphibians can be sold through pet shops in the ACT in three categories: S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 68 1. CATEGORY A: refers to captive-bred reptiles that can be kept by individuals with no prior experience in keeping such animals. These include exempt species and species considered relatively easy to maintain, regularly bred in captivity and suited to the Canberra climate. 2. CATEGORY B: includes species of captive-bred reptiles which may be held for hobby purposes by experienced amateurs with at least two years’ experience in keeping one or more species from a family in Category A. Generally applicants for species on this list must be 15 years of age or over. 3. CATEGORY C: refers to captive-bred reptiles suitable for keeping for hobby purposes for highly experienced herpetologists. Applicants must have at least one year’s experience with keeping Category B species and two years of experience in keeping Category A species. New South Wales (NSW) NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage PO BOX A290 SYDNEY SOUTH NSW 1232 NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage [email protected] (02) 9995 5000 On the 25th March 2015, the NSW Government Office of Environment and Heritage announced new rules that would allow eight species of snakes, five species of lizards and two species of turtles to be sold in pet stores in NSW. Queensland (QLD) Queensland Government Department of Natural Resources and Mines Department of Natural Resources and Mines PO Box 15216 CITY EAST QLD 4002 www.derm.qld.gov.au 13 74 68 The Queensland Government Department of Environment and Heritage Protection allows three species of snakes, eight species of lizards and four species of turtles to be sold in pet stores in QLD. Northern Territory (NT) Northern Territory Government Parks and Wildlife Commission NT PO BOX 496 PALMERSTON NT 0831 http://www.parksandwildlife.nt.gov.au (08) 8999 4555 The NT allows three species of snakes, eight species of lizards and four species of turtles to be sold in pet stores in the NT. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 69 Western Australia (WA) Government of Western Australia Parks and Wildlife 17 Dick Perry Ave Technology Park Western Precinct KENSINGTON WA 6151 http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au (08) 9219 9000 The Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife has a reptiles and amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and amphibians can be sold through pet shops in WA in four categories: 1. CATEGORY 2: nine species of lizards and two species of frog to be sold in pet stores in WA. 2. CATEGORY 3: two species of snakes, six species of lizards, one species of frog and one species of turtle to be sold in pet stores in WA. 3. CATEGORY 4: five species of snakes, five species of lizards, one species of frog and one species of turtle to be sold in pet stores in WA. 4. CATEGORY 5: eleven species of snakes and two species of lizards to be sold in pet stores in WA. South Australia (SA) Government of South Australia Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources GPO BOX 1047 ADELAIDE SA 5001 http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/contact-us (08) 8204 1910 The Government of South Australia’s Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources has a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and Amphibians can be sold through pet shops in the SA in three categories: 1. Exempt Species List 1: two species of frogs to be sold in pet stores in SA. 2. Exempt Species List 2: thirteen species of lizards and two species of turtles to be sold in pet stores in SA. 3. Basic Reptile List: two species of snakes, six species of lizards and one species of turtle to be sold in pet stores in SA. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 70 Appendix 2: Reptile Specimen Card Reptile Specimen Card Specimen Name: Origin: Photo Date Photo Taken: / / Sex: Individual ID: Date & Place of Birth: Age on Arrival: Growth History Date Age Weight Length Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 Date Age Weight Length PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 71 Appendix 3: Reptile and Specimen Food and Slough Chart Reptile Specimen Food and Slough Chart Date Food Type/Slough Date Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 Food Type/Slough Date Food Type/Slough PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 72 Appendix 4: Stock Movements Stock Movements Date From To Comments Date From To Comments Treatment History Date Comments Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 Date Comments PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 73 Appendix 4 (continued): Stock Movements Breeding History Date Comments Date Other Notes/Observations (e.g. behaviour, diet changes, etc.) Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 Comments PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491 S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 74 Bibliography Aland, K. (2008). Dragons, Family Agamidae. In M. Swan (Ed.), Keeping and Breeding Australian Lizards. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp Books. Aland, K. (2007). Parasites, quarantine and captive reptiles. Proceedings of the Care of Australian Reptiles and Amphibians Conference, Castle Hill. Australian Museum. (2015). Freshwater Crocodile. Retrieved from http://australianmuseum.net.au/freshwater-crocodile Brown, D. (2012). A Guide to Australian Geckos and Pygopods in Captivity. Burleigh: ABK Publications. Brown, D. (2014). A Guide to Australian Lizards in Captivity. Burleigh: ABK Publications. Cogger, H. G. (2000). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Sydney: Reed New Holland. Ehmann, H. (1992). Encyclopaedia of Australian Animals: Reptiles. Pymble: Angus & Robertson. Eipper, S. (2012). A Guide to Australian Frogs in Captivity. Burleigh: Reptile Publications. Eipper, S. (2012). A Guide to Australian Snakes in Captivity. Burleigh: ABK Publications. Elliott, A. (2012). A Guide to Australian Frogs in Captivity. Australia: ABK Publications. Greer, A. E. (2006). Encyclopedia of Australian Reptiles. Retrieved from http://www. amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/encyclopedia. Greer, A. E. (1990). The Biology and Evolution of Australian Lizards. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd. Griffiths, K. (2006). Frogs and Reptiles of the Sydney Region. Sydney: Reed New Holland. Jackson, S. M. (2003). Standardizing captive‐management manuals: guidelines for terrestrial vertebrates. International Zoo Yearbook, 38(1), 229-243. Retrieved from Wiley Online Library. Phillips, C. (2008). The Nutritional Requirements of Captive Reptiles. Reptiles Australia. 4(6), 50-4. Retrieved from Proquest database. Swan, M. (2007). Keeping and Breeding Australian Pythons. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp. Books. Swan, M. (2008). Keeping and Breeding Australian Lizards. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp. Books. Swan, M. (2009). Keeping and Breeding Australian Reptiles. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp. Books. Webb, G. & Manolis, C. (1989). Crocodiles of Australia. Chatswood: Reed. Weigel, J. (1988). Care of Australian Reptiles in Captivity. Gosford: Reptile Keepers Association. Wilson. S. & Swan, G. (2004). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia. Australia: Reed New Holland. Wilson, S. K. & Knowles, D. G. (1992). Australia’s Reptiles, A Photographic reference to the Terrestrial Reptiles of Australia. Pymble: Angus & Robertson. Worrell, E. (1966). Reptiles of Australia. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. Author: Brad Walker @ Australian Fauna Supplies and Services October 2015. Copyright: You may download, display, print and reproduce this material provided that the wording is reproduced exactly and the source is acknowledged. Acknowledgement: I owe a great debt and gratitude to many dedicated friends and colleagues who have assisted me in many ways. I could not have written this recommendation alone and without their help it would not exist. A special thank you to Anthony Stimson, John Grima and Ben Dessens S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 75 for their contribution to this document. I have spent many hours with reptile and amphibian keepers and pet shop owners. Thank you Graeme Phipps, Tim Faulkner, Adam Sapiano, Jacki Salkeld, Liza Sommers, Renae Griffiths, Kim Peries and PIAA staff. S&G – Trading in Reptiles & Amphibians – August 2016 P a g e | 76