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BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW Part 1 – The Nature of Science What you Need to Know... • You will be asked to evaluate scenarios using evidence of scientific thinking or problem solving • Test Items may require interpretation of data from graphs, charts and/or tables. • You may also be asked to compare and/or contrast the structure of various microscopes including compound, dissecting, scanning electron and transmission electron. • You need to know the difference between theories and laws and be able to explain how a theory is developed. Question 1: Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph? A. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature change. B. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at about the same rate for the past century. C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over the past century. D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at an increasingly higher rate as the past century has progressed. Question 2: Which statement below correctly identifies the difference between laws and theories? A. Laws describe phenomena, while theories explain why phenomena exist. B. Laws are a statement of fact, while theories are a statement of opinion. C. Laws explain why phenomena exist, while theories explain how. D. Laws are a prediction of phenomena, while theories are an explanation. Question 3: Place the following steps of the scientific method in the CORRECT order. Design Experiment Share Results Draw conclusions Observe and Question Collect & Analyze data Infer and Generate hypothesis Question 4: Orchids were studied to determine if the amount of humidity affected the flowering of these plants. Remember DRY MIX. What is the Independent Variable? What is the Dependent Variable? Question 5: Quantitative data are ________________ where as Qualitative data are ______________. A. B. C. D. Numeric; physical qualities Physical qualities, numeric Both A & B Neither A or B Part 2 – Molecular Biology What You Need to Know... • You need to know the specific properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability as an environment for life • The basic molecular structure and primary functions of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids). • The role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. • You need to know how factors such as pH and temperature affect enzyme activity. Question 1: Part 3 – Cells & Cell Theory What You Need to Know... • You need to know the cell theory and how continuous investigations and/or new scientific information influenced the development of cell theory. • You need to know the general structures of plant and animal cells and how plant and animal cells are alike and different. • You need to know the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how they are alike and different. • You need to know how the structure relates to the function for the components of plant or animals cells. • You need to understand the role of the cell membrane as a highly selective barrier that carries out passive and active transport. Question 1: There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. lysosome B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. ribosome Question 2: Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell? A. passive transport by diffusion B. active transport using ATP C. passive transport by osmosis D. phagocytosis Question 3: Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function? A. ribosome - protein synthesis B. mitochondrion - movement C. vacuole - cell division D. nucleus - storage of nutrients Question 4: A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred? A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution. B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums. C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution. Question 5: The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called A. perforated B. semi-permeable C. non-conductive D. permeable Question 6: The organelles responsible for breaking down waste inside cells is called the A. lysosome B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. ribosome Part 4 – DNA & RNA What You Need to Know... • The structure of DNA & RNA • The basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of genetic information. • Mutations in the DNA sequence may or may not result in phenotypic change and how mutations in gametes may result in phenotypic changes in offspring. • The basic processes of transcription and translation and how they result in gene expression. You will also need to know that the basic processes of DNA are universal in organisms. • You need to know that similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry and the process of inheritance. Question 1: Name the four nucleotides found in a DNA molecule: 1. 2. 3. 4. Question 2: Using the code on a strand of DNA as a template to create is strand of mRNA is called: A. Translation B. Replication C. Deletion D. Transcription Question 3: Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis and what is it called: A. Golgi Apparatus; Translation B. Golgi Apparatus; transcription C. Ribosome; translation D. Ribosome; Transcription Question 4: What molecule is this and what is this process called? STATION 2 – The Cell Theory What You Need to Know... • You need to know the cell theory and how continuous investigations and/or new scientific information influenced the development of cell theory. • You need to know how scientific claims are evaluated through scientific argumentation, critical and logical thinking and consideration of alternative explanations, in the context of cell theory. • You need to know the difference between theories and laws and be able to explain how a theory is developed.