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matter
matter
• Anything that has mass and takes up space
chemistry
chemistry
• Study of matter and how it changes
Physical property
Physical property
• Characteristic that can be observed without
changing it into a different substance
• Example: freezing point, texture, color,
temperature
Chemical property
Chemical property
• Ability to change into difference substances
• Example: rusting, flammability
Physical change
Physical change
• Alters the form or appearance of matter but
does not turn any substance into different
substance
• Examples: changes in states of matter (melting
of snow), cutting, folding, shredding
Chemical change
Chemical change
• Chemical reaction
• Substance transforms into another substance
• Example:
burning wood
ashes + gas
endothermic
Endothermic change
• Change in which energy is absorbed
Example: melting of ice
*Feels cool
Exothermic change
Exothermic change
• Energy is given off
• Feels warm
mixture
mixture
Two or more materials combined together
Example: salad, hot chocolate, pancakes
solution
solution
• Special mixture when a material dissolves in
water
Example: salt water
dissolving
dissolving
• One material disperses evenly into another
material so the first one seems to disappear
Example: stirring sugar in tea
Post-it Check
1. Name the 3 mixtures you made.
2. How was the salt and water different from
the others after you added water and
stirred?
3. What are the two ways used for separating
mixtures?
evaporation
evaporation
• Liquid turns to gas and disperses to the air,
leaving any dissolved solid material behind
crystal
crystal
• Solid form of a material that can be identified
by its properties such as shape, color, and
pattern
Question????
Your challenge is to design a method to separate
this mixture of solid materials so that the gravel
ends in the G cup, the powder in the P cup, and
the salt in the S cup.
Hmmm…
Have you designed your method?
Have you separated the gravel?
Have you separated the powder?
Have you separated the salt?
Question????
How much salt can you dissolve in 50 ml of
water?
Materials:
Water bottle
post-it
Funnel
Salt
Blue scoop
Filter
Balance
Gram pieces
Syringe
Tub of water
Saturating a Solution
1. Add 50 ml to the bottle
2. Add one scoop of salt at a time, put the cap on and
shake. Keep doing this until you see salt at the
bottom.
3. Pour the bottle through the funnel using a wet coffee
filter. What remains is the saturated solution.
4. Find the mass of your saturated solution using a
balance. Put the saturated solution on one side and
50 ml of plain water on the other. Add gram pieces to
the plain water until they are balanced.
Saturated solution
Saturated solution
• When solid material is added to a solution
until no more will dissolve
2 parts to a solution
Solute: solid that dissolves
in the liquid
Solvent: the liquid
Post-it Check
Complete this Claims and Evidence
Claims
Evidence
I know it took _________ grams of
Salt to saturate 50 ml of water.
I know this because…
Heterogeneous mixture
• Can see the different parts and can easily be
separated
• Example: salad
Homogeneous mixture
Homogeneous mixture
• So evenly mixed can’t see the different parts
• Example: solution, air
solubility
solubility
• The property that substances have of
dissolving in solvents
concentration
concentration
• The amount of material dissolved in a volume
(measurement) of liquid.
element
element
• Substance that cannot be broken down into
any other substances
• Example: aluminum, hydrogen, carbon,
calcium, nitrogen, silver, gold, mercury
• They each have a one or two letter symbol
• O=oxygen
• C=carbon
• Fe=iron
atom
atom
• Basic particle from which all elements are
made
molecule
molecule
• A group of two or more atoms held together
by chemical bonds
compound
• A substance made of two or more elements
• When they combine, they form compounds
with properties different from the elements.
• Example: C12H22011=table sugar
It has 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of
hydrogen, and 11 atoms of oxygen
Carbon is black but sugar is not
Oxygen is a gas but sugar is not
Potential energy
Potential energy
• Energy of an object because of its position
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy
• Energy of an object in motion