Download An ECOSYSTEM is all the LIVING and NONLIVING things in an

An ECOSYSTEM is all the LIVING and NONLIVING things in an environment that
work together with each other.
*Another way to say LIVING and NONLIVING is BIOTIC and ABIOTIC*
(CONSUMERS: Eat plants or other animals)
The Path that energy and nutrients follow in
an ecosystem is called a FOOD CHAIN.
Producers—Use the
suns’ energy to make
their own food.
Herbivore-Animals
that eat producers
(plants) only.
Omnivore—Animals
that eat both plants
and other animals.
Population
of Birds
The OVERLAPPING Food Chains
in an Ecosystem.
A COMMUNITY (Living Things) - is
made up of all the Populations in an
Ecosystem. (For example: the Lizard
Population, the Bird Population and
the Spruce Tree Population together.)
Population of
Lizards
Population
of Spruce
Trees
A POPULATION (Living Things) - Is made up of all
members of a single species found in an Ecosystem.
(For example: The Spruce Tree is a Population, the Birds
are a Population, the Lizards are a Population.)
Decomposers—Break down dead or decaying
plants or animals. (Example: Fungi, bacteria,
many worm species.)
A diagram that shows the amount of Carnivore—Animals that eat other animals
energy available at each level of an
rather than producers. (Examples: Hawks and BobECOSYSTEM
cats)
Succession:
Causes of Ecosystem Changes:
Natural Events:
 Earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, storms, hurricanes, droughts
Organisms:
 Beavers build dams
 Elephants trample seedlings and trees
 Humans introduce or remove species
Pioneer species—1st Species
Pioneer community—1st community
Climax Community—final stage of succession
Primary succession—where few or no others existed
Photosynthesis: uses
sunlight to make food
Cell Organization:
Cells - smallest unit of a living thing
Tissues - similar cells working together
Secondary succession—changing from one
ecosystem to another
Species:
Organs
- similar tissues working together
Organ System- similar organs working together
Plant Cell
Threatened species—low numbers and could become endangered
Endangered species—a species is in danger of becoming extinct
Extinct species—last member of species dies out
Pollution:
Three types:
 Land - strip mining, farming, building roads
 Air - burn fuels to power factories, heat homes, drive vehicles
 Water - bathing, washing clothes, flushing toilets, oil spills,
fertilizers, pesticides
Three Ways to protect the invironment:
 Reduce
 Reuse
 Recycle
Symbiosis: A relationship between 2 organisms that lasts a long
period of time.
Commensalism - benefits one and neither
helps or harms the other
Parasitism - benefits
one and harms the other
Mutualism - benefits
both
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Chlorophyl
Large
vacuole
Square shaped
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Smaller vacuole
or no vacuole
No cell wall
Prey: an organism that gets
eaten by other animals
Cellular Respiration: energy is
released in the form of food.
Organism: is a living thing