Download PAN Introduction

Welcome to PAN @ ND 2013
Sponsors
Physics Frontier Center
JINA – Who/Where?
JINA – Why?
Origin and fate of matter in our universe
“we are made of star stuff”
Understanding the cosmos on the tera-scale
while interpreting observations and events on
the femto scale
Many open questions can now be answered
because:
Rapid growth of observational results
Expanding computational capabilities
New experimental and theoretical
opportunities
JINA - Collaboration
Nuclear
Astrophysics
Theory
Nuclear
Experiment
Astronomy
What to expect
Schedule
Lectures
Experiments
Evening Activities
Groups
Posters
Schedule
On to Nuclear Physics!
You are made of?
Example: A Helium Atom
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Nuclear scientists study the atomic nucleus
Why study nuclei?
Nuclear
Medicine
Archeology/ Geophysics
Nuclear Power
What we learn about the nucleus can generate new
ideas and technologies in the fields of space science,
homeland security, biology/ecology, etc.
Nuclei are small!
An atomic nucleus is as
small compared to you…
…as you are compared to
our ENTIRE solar system
We can’t see the nucleus, so it’s hard to work with.
But we’ ve still found clever ways to control and study it!
Periodic Table of the Elements
Each element (such as carbon) comes in
many varieties, some common, some rare
Protons (Elements)
Isotopes: varieties of an element
Carbon-12
All these carbon isotopes are
chemically identical, but
different numbers of
neutrons gives them diverse
nuclear properties
Neutrons (Isotopes)
Carbon-11
Carbon-10
Protons (Elements)
The nuclear mission
Study interesting isotopes
Grey boxes are stable isotopes of an
element. .
Neutrons (Isotopes)
Colored boxes are unstable,
sometimes rare isotopes of an
element. These have too many or
too few neutrons to be stable.
Chart of Nuclides
Radioactive isotopes decay
Alpha particle
(He nucleus)
Proton
Unstable nuclei
are radioactive,
meaning they
will decay (come
apart)…
Gamma ray
Neutron
Electron
…and give off radiation of some
kind!
Isotopes studied often have short half-lives (< 1s)
Distinction
Sources of radiation
What are Cosmic Rays?
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●
●
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http://neutronm.bartol.udel.edu/catch/title.html
Cosmic rays are particles from
outer space
● From the sun, other stars,
supernovae...?
90% are protons - primary
● But we rarely detect those...
React with particles in
atmosphere to create
secondary
We usually detect decay
products - muons (more
massive electron)
Why study radioactive nuclei?
BIG
BANG
STARS
BURNING
STARS BURNING
MANY CREATED BY EXPLODING STARS
MAKING RARE NUCLEI
HUMAN-MADE
(OUR BEST THEORY SO FAR)
HUMAN-MADE
Timeline
What to measure?
●
Size (radius)
●
Shape
●
Structure
●
Mass (Binding Energy)
●
Half-life
Where to measure?
Black – production in target
Magenta – in-flight production
FRIB (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams)
FRIB
NSCLdesign
today
MSU was chosen as
the site for FRIB: a
$600 million US
Department of Energy
project to build a
world-leading
laboratory over the
next decade.
Construction has
begun and will be
completed by 2021.
DIANA (Dual Ion Accelerators for Nuclear Astrophysics)
The DIANA collaboration has
been formed to design and
built an underground
accelerator laboratory. The
two proposed complementary
high intensity accelerators will
support experiments that
address long-standing
questions in the field providing
potentially transformational
results about the inner
structure and working of stars.