Download PS 20: Final Exam Review

PS 20: Final Exam Review
Foundations of Chemistry
1)
2)
Explain the difference between Ionic, Molecular, Acids & Organic compounds
Give the formulas of the following compounds
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Potassium fluoride
Aluminum hydroxide
Nitrous Acid
Ammonium Phosphate
Hydrobromic acid
Give the names for the following compounds
a)
HF(aq)
b)
Mg(OH)2
c)
K2CO3
d)
CH4
e)
CuO
f)
Fe2O3
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Copper (II) bromide
Carbon dioxide
Phosphorus trioxide
Trinitrogen hexoxide
Pentene
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
NH4CH3COO
SO2
H2CO3(aq)
CCl4
N2O
3) What are the 6 types of Chemical reactions?
4) Balance & classify the type of each following reaction
_____ FeCl3 +_____ (NH4)(OH) ----->
_____ C2H4+_____ O2
5)
_____Fe(OH)3 + _____ (NH4)Cl
-----> ____CO2 + ____H2O
___________________________
___________________________
Determine the products of the following reactions: Be sure to balance each reaction
_____ZnCl2 + ______H2  _____________________________________________
_____H2O2 _______________________________________________________
_____K(OH) + ______PbI2  ___________________________________________
_____C3H8 + ____________  _________________________________________
6) Compare & Contrast incomplete and complete combustion
The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry:
1) Fill in the following chart:
Substance
Elements
Type of representative particle
Ionic Compounds
Molecular compounds
Ions
2) Calculate the molar mass of the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fe2O3
H3PO4
K2SO4
C3H8
How many moles are in 2.44 x 1023 atoms of nickel?
How many grams are in 7.20 moles of Sulfur trioxide?
How many moles are contained in 1.20 x 1024 molecules of CO?
Calculate the number moles in 9.26L of C2H4 gas.
A sample of N2 gas occupies 75.0 L at STP. How many molecules is this?
What mass of carbon dioxide is produced when 5.4 Litres of Methane (CH4) is burnt?
When potassium Iodide and Lead(II)nitrate are reacted together, a precipitate of Lead(II)Iodide is formed. If
there are 4.2 moles of Potassium Iodide, what will the mass of the precipitate be?
10) How many grams of NH3 are produced when you fully react 60L of hydrogen gas?
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
___ N2 + ___ H2  ___ NH3
11) How many moles of CO2 are produced when 3.91 x 1024 molecules of C4H10 are burned?
___ C4H10 + ___ O2  ___ CO2 + ___H2O
12) 15.2g of sodium sulfide is dissolved in water and added to a solution containing 12.1g of silver nitrate, What
mass of silver sulfide is produced?
Na2S(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Ag2S(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
13) How many grams of Magnesium chloride are needed to make 125 mL of a 0.050 M solution?
14) A saline solution contains 1.90 g of Barium Chloride in 100 mL of solution. What is the concentration?
Heat & Thermodynamics
1) Complete the following conversions (Celsius to Kelvin, Kelvin to Celsius)
a. 37 °C
b. 264 K
c. -126°C
d. 40 K
2) What are the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory?
3) Explain the differences between convection, conduction &radiation
4) A rod 1.0 m long expands 0.50 mm when heated from 20.°C to 84°C. What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the
material from which the rod is made?
5) A steel girder is 32.10 m at 20°C. If the temperature drops 5.0°C, what is the change in length of the girder? (Answer to
2 decimal places.)
6) Calculate the heat required to heat 200.0 g of water for soup from 10.0°C to boiling point.
7) What amount of heat is needed to heat 50.0 kg of water in a dishwasher from 10.0°C to 70.0°C?
8) You have 2.50 kg of mercury at 22.0°C. You find that it requires 3.20 x 103 J of energy to raise its temperature to
32.0°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of mercury.
9) When 300 g of a metal at 85°C is placed in 200g of water at 20°C, if the final temperature of the mixture is 32°C, what
is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
10) How much heat is given off when 3.2 kg of water freeze? Assume the temperature stays constant at 0ºC.
11) How much heat is required to change 2.5 kg of water at 20.0 ºC to steam at 150 ºC?
12) Be able to define the following terms: Thermal energy, heat, temperature, thermal expansion, volumetric expansion,
linear expansion, mixtures (be able to apply the law of conservation of energy), calorimetry, specific heat capacity,
specific latent heat, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of vaporization.
13) Describe how water is an anomalous substance.
14) State the 4 Laws of Thermodynamics. Be able to describe applications of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Laws of Thermodynamics.
15) A 3.00-liter aluminum cylinder at 5.00°C is filled to the brim with unused engine oil at the same temperature.
If the aluminum (βAl = 6.90 x 10-5/˚C) and unused engine oil (βoil = 7.00 x 10-4/˚C) are warmed to 58.0°C, how
much oil spills out?
16) Calculate ΔH for the following reactions using heats of formation:
a. ___NO(g) + ___HNO3(l)  ___H2O(l) + ___NO2(g)
ΔH=?
b. ___C2H4(g) + ___Cl2(g)  ___C2H3Cl(g) + ___HCl(g)
ΔH=?
Waves
1) Draw the following scenarios
a. A single pulse traveling from a snakey to a slinky. Include a second sketch that depicts the reflected wave &
transmitted wave. What happens to the amplitude, frequency, speed & wavelength
b. A single pulse traveling from a slinky to snakey. Include a second sketch that depicts the reflected wave &
transmitted wave. What happens to the amplitude, frequency, speed & wavelength
c. A trough with an amplitude of 8cm approaches a crest with an amplitude of 5 cm. Sketch what happens the
instant they meet and what happens immediately after.
d. Straight waves as they approach a flat reflector at an angle of 30 degrees
e. Straight large wavelengths waves approaching a single-sided barrier
f. Straight small wavelengths waves approaching a single-sided barrier
g. Straight waves passing from shallow water into
2) A wave vibrates 8.0 x 103 times in 20.0 seconds in a medium whose speed is 6.0 x 102 m/s. Find:
a. The frequency of the wave
b. Its wavelength
3) A particular sound wave has a frequency of 256 Hz and wavelength of 5.8 m. Find its speed.
4) A wave vibrates 30.0 times in 20.0 seconds. What is the frequency?
5) If a wave has a frequency of 0.200 kHz and a wavelength of 1.72 m, what is its speed?
6) A wave travels at 1100 m/s and has a frequency of 55 Hz. What is its wavelength?
7) A pendulum has a period of .35 seconds. What is the pendulum’s length?
Sound
1. How many times louder has a sound become if its intensity has increased by:
a. 10 db
b. 30 dB
c. 60dB
2. Find the speed of sound in air if the temperature is 52°C.
3. You hear an echo 6.2 s after making a sound. If the speed of sound in air is 342 m/s, how far away is the reflector?
4. You hear the echo 4.00 s after making a sound. If the reflector was 692 m away, what is the speed of sound?
5. The speed of sound in air is 330 m/s, in salt water is 1480 m/s and in steel is 5.00 x 10 3 m/s.
a. Find the wavelength of a 600.0 Hz sound in air, water and steel.
b. Find the frequency of a 3.00 m sound wave in air, water and steel.
6. Beat Frequency:
a. Find the beat frequency between a 447 Hz wave and a 450 Hz wave.
b. If you hear a beat of 6 Hz and you know that one frequency is 645 Hz, what is the other frequency?
7. Resonance:
a. Draw the fundamental and fist two overtones for two fixed ends, for one open and for two open ends.
b. For each case above, write the equation for the relationship between length of the object and wavelength.
8. A piano string is 0.934 m long. If the speed of sound in air is 345 m/s, find the wavelength and frequency of its
fundamental.
9. A clarinet is played in air whose speed is 341 m/s. If the 3rd overtone has a frequency of 1134 Hz, how long is the air
column in the clarinet?
10. An organ pipe, open at both ends, is 3.58 m long. What is the frequency of its 7th overtone if the speed of sound is 347
m/s?
11. An adjustable air column was used to determine the resonance points of a 400.0 Hz tuning fork. The resonances were
found at 18 cm and 64 cm. Find the speed of sound in the tube in m/s.
12. Explain one scientific application of sound reflection (SONAR, ultrasound)
13. Explain why someone can be heard better at night than during the day
14. As a train moves away from you, the frequency of its whistle is determined to be 475 Hz. If the actual frequency of the
whistle is 500 Hz and the speed of sound in air is 350 m/s, what is the train’s speed?
15. An airplane is approaching at a speed of 240 m/s. If you measure the pitch of its approaching engines to be 512 Hz,
what must be the actual frequency of the sound of the engines? The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s.
The EM spectrum
1. What are the two theories of light?
2. Electromagnetic Spectrum
a. List, in order from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength, all the main parts of the EM spectrum.
b. Describe at least one practical use for each part of the EM spectrum.
3. Sketch the following:
a. Two sketches: one showing diffuse reflection, one showing specular reflection
b. How a point object is seen in a flat mirror
c. How an extended object is seen in a flat mirror
4. Explain the following phenomena. Be sure to include the proper terminology
a. Why is the sky blue?
b. Why are clouds white?
c. How are rainbows formed?
d. How do mirages happen?
e. Why is a diamond so sparkly?
5. A photon of blue light has 9.2 eV of energy. What is the frequency of the light?
6. Green light has a wavelength of 500 nm, how much energy is in one photon of the light.
7. Calculate the absolute refractive index for a clear plastic material, if the velocity of light in the plastic is 2.2 x
108 m/s.
8. A ray of light in air has an incident angle of 38.8° on the surface of the same plastic used in the last question.
Determine the angle of refraction in the plastic.
9. A ray of light passes from air into flint glass with an angle of incidence of 35°. What is the angle of
refraction?
10. Find the critical angle for light going from:
a. Zircon to water
b. diamond to glycerine
Applications of Light
1. An object is 6.0 cm high is located 8.0 x 101 cm from a concave mirror whose focal length is 2.0 x 101 cm. Find the
location and height of the image.
2. An object is located 55 cm from a concave mirror whose focal length is 2.0 x 101 cm. How far from the mirror is the
image?
3. Locate the images for each diagram. Be sure to include the image characteristics SALT
4. A concave mirror has a focal length of 12 cm. A 4.8 cm tall candle is placed 36 cm from the mirror.
a. How far from the mirror is the image located?
b. What is the magnification factor?
c. What is the image height?
5. A convex mirror has a radius of curvature of 24 cm. Find the image distance if an object is placed 6.0 cm from this
mirror.
6. State the image characteristics for the last two questions.
7. A 5.0 cm high object is placed 18 cm from the center of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. Calculate the height of
the image, its distance from the lens, and the magnification factor.
8. A magnifying glass has a focal length of 12 cm. A coin, 2.0 cm in diameter, is placed 4.0 cm from the lens. Where is
the image? How large is the image? What is the magnification factor? Could this image be seen on the screen?
9. An object is 8.0 cm from the convex lens. What focal length must the lens have to form a virtual, erect image 16 cm
from the lens?
10. What is the difference between spherical and chromatic aberration. List one solution for each.