Download B.6FGH Genetic Outcomes

B.6FGH Genetic Outcomes
Picture Vocabulary
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phenotype
The physical expression of a gene
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genotype
The actual allele combination
of a gene
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homozygous dominant
A gene combination in which
an individual possesses
two dominant alleles
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homozygous recessive
A gene combination in which
an individual possesses
two recessive alleles
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heterozygous
A gene combination in which
an individual possesses
two different forms of an allele
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meiosis
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Cell division that results in the
production of haploid gametes;
sperm and egg
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gamete
Cells that contain half of the total number of
chromosomes for an organism; sex cells
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offspring
The immediate biological descendant
of two adults
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Gregor Mendel
An Austrian monk and botanist who
established key principles for the study of
genetics; the father of genetics
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Punnett square
A tool used to analyze the possible gene
combinations of the offspring between two
individuals
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monohybrid cross
A a A a AA Aa Aa © 2012
aa A genetic cross used to examine the
possible inheritance of one specific set
of alleles
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dihybrid cross
AB Ab aB ab AB AABB AAbB AaBB AaBb Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb A genetic cross used to examine the
possible inheritance of
two specific sets of alleles
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genetic variation
The variety of gene combinations that
exist within a population
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sexual reproduction
Reproduction that involves the exchange of
genetic material between two organisms
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diploid cell
A cell that contains pairs of all of the
homologous chromosomes; 2n
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haploid cell
A cell that contains a
single set of chromosome; n
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genome
All of the genes found on the
chromosomes of an organism
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chromosomal analysis
The practice of analyzing the chromosomes
of an organism for the purpose
of discovery or diagnosis
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genetic modification
Altering the genes of an organism
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allele
All of the possible forms of a gene that can
occur in an individual
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chromosome
A linear strand of DNA that is wrapped
around protein structures; carries the gene
sequence of an organism
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crossing over
The exchange of genetic material between
homologous chromosomes during meiosis;
contributes to genetic variation
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codominance
Both heterozygous alleles are expressed
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electrophoresis
A technique used to separate particles or
molecules, including DNA
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homologous
Having the same structure or traits
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karyotype
A picture of all the chromosomes in an
organism’s cell
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pedigree
A chart of one’s ancestry or family tree
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sister chromatids
The two new daughter strands of a
replicated chromosome
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trait
A physical characteristic of an organism
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