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þ{: 2 Section Words to Know casualty a person killed, injured, or captured in war civilian a person who is not a soldier T In the first years of the Civil War, the North and the South fought in the southeast, at sea, and in the Mississippi River valley. The South won some battles. The North won others. Neither side could totally defeat ,1 ¡ J the other. Battles in the Southeast After the Battle of Bull Run, President Lincoln picked General George B. McClellan to lead the Union army in the East. Robert E. Lee, the southern general, felt that the South's best chance to win the war was to do it quickly. If the war went on too long, the North would have a greater chance of winning. With its large population and many factories, the North could replace soldiers and supplies for a longer time than the South. So Lee began to attack McClellan's forces as often and as hard as he could. _l j ,l ì! iì Two important battles were the Seven Days' Battle and the Battle of Antietam. In the Seven Days' Battle in late June 7862, Lee's troops attacked Union forces east of Richmond. The Union forces retreated. The South declared a victory. However, both sides had many casualties, or people killed, injured, or captured in war. Now both sides knew that the war would be costly. .i ) ,I ) Chapter 10. The CivilWar. 1861-1865 179 ,ii Nebraska Territory PA Philadelphia NJ D.C. t8æ Henry,1862 lndian DE Days,1862 KY VA MD @ N Fort Donelson, Territory Pea 1862 TN 1862 w AR I E s oAtlanta Sumter, 1861 GA Charleston Port Royal, 1861 Fort Pulaski, 1862 St. Augustine, 1862 { { o . Union victories ATLANTIC Gulf of Mexico Confederate victories Capital cities Other cities 150 lt 0 I rl 0 150 l. OCEAN 300 miles 300 kilometers Who won the Bofile of Antietom? 2. ln whot yeor did the Confederote ormy coplure ForÌ Sumler? In September 7862, Confederate and Union forces faced each other at Antietam Creek in Maryland. Union General George McClellan received a copy of Lee's battle plan. Union forces ran through a cornfield to attack the Confederate troops. The Confederates fought back. There were more than 23,000 causalities. I In the end, Lee's troops retteated. The North declared a victory in the Battle of Antietam. What was General Lee's plan for winning the war? I å T 180 Unit 3 r A Nation Divided t ' ii¡'. Sea Battle of the lronclads !a The Union blockade of southern ports caused problems for the South. Many foreign ships could not get to southern ports. Southern soldiers and civilians had to go without supplies and food that they needed. A civilian is a person who is not a soldier. Southern ships carrying cotton could not get through the blockade. The South had hoped to earn money by sending cotton to Great Britain and France. To break the blockade, Southerners built ironclad warships, or ships covered with iron plates. Most other ships at the time were covered with wood. The first ironclad warship in the nation was named the Virginia.Ithad been a Union ship named the Menimøc, which had sunk. The Confederates recovered the ship, covered it with iron, and renamed it the Virgìnia.In L862, thre Virginiø attacked Union ships. Cannonballs from the Union guns bounced off the sides of tbe Virginia. T}:re Virginia's guns sank two Union warships. The next day, the Union ironclad ship named the Monitor appeared. The Virginiø and t}re Monitor shot at each other for several hours. Neither could sink the other. The Confederates' hope of ending the blockade was over. I happened in the battle between tlne Vírgíníø and the Monítor? $,þhat s- Fighting Along the Mississippi Union forces were fighting in the Mississippi River valley. During 1861 and L862, they captured two Confederate forts. Under General Ulysses S. Grant, Union forces won an important battle at Shiloh, Tennessee. These victories gave the Union control of the northern Mississippi River valley. { Chapter 10 . The Civil War fi . 1861-1865 181 it Meanwhile, Admiral David Farragut led Union warships at the Battle of New Orleans. New Orleans, Louisiana was an important supply point for Confederate troops. The North captured New Orleans and took control of the southern Mississippi River valley. The Mississippi River could no longer be a supply route for the South. However, the North could not use the river safely either. The Union needed to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, to be in control of the entire river. After six weeks, Union forces under General Grant won at Vicksburg. Why was New Orleans important to the South? After the Battle of Vicksburg in 1863, the lJnion army controtted the Mississippi River. t f ìt 182 Unit3.A Nation Divided Í q.i The Turning Point ByJuly 1863, General Lee decided to invade the North, attack Union troops, and force the Union to make peace. OnJuly L, L863, the bloodiest battle of the Civil War began. At the small tor,rm of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Lee's forces met Union fotces, led by George Meade. The battle lasted for three days. Confederate troops were badly beaten. Lee's army would never again be strong enough for a big attack on the North. The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War. On November L9, 1863, President Lincoln attended a ceremony at Gettysburg honoring Union soldiers who died in the battle. Lincoln gave a speech known today as the Gettysburg Address. The speech lasted a little over two minutes. Lincoln said the Civil War had to be fought to make sure that "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish [die] from the earth." Þ+-a*! -e'trVtry was the Battle of Gettysburg important? dection 2 Review L. Why was the capture of Vicksburg important for the North? ,i 2. What did the fight between the Virginia and the Monitor show? 3. CriticalThinking Why did General Lee go to Gettysburg? 4. Write About History Write a news article about a battle in the southeast. Decide whether you are writing for a northern or a southern newspaper. Read your article to the class. I Chapter 10. The CivilWar. {ui 1861-1865 183