Download Chapter 10 Section 2 - Early Years of War

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Section
Words to Know
casualty
a person killed, injured, or captured in war
civilian
a person who is not a soldier
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In the first years of the Civil War, the North and
the South fought in the southeast, at sea, and in the
Mississippi River valley. The South won some battles.
The North won others. Neither side could totally defeat
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the other.
Battles in the Southeast
After the Battle of Bull Run, President Lincoln picked
General George B. McClellan to lead the Union army
in the East.
Robert E. Lee, the southern general, felt that the
South's best chance to win the war was to do it quickly.
If the war went on too long, the North would have a
greater chance of winning. With its large population
and many factories, the North could replace soldiers
and supplies for a longer time than the South. So Lee
began to attack McClellan's forces as often and as hard
as he could.
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Two important battles were the Seven Days' Battle
and the Battle of Antietam. In the Seven Days' Battle in
late June 7862, Lee's troops attacked Union forces east
of Richmond. The Union forces retreated. The South
declared a victory. However, both sides had many
casualties, or people killed, injured, or captured in war.
Now both sides knew that the war would be costly.
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Nebraska Territory
PA
Philadelphia
NJ
D.C.
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Henry,1862
lndian
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Days,1862
KY
VA
MD
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Pea
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TN
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Sumter, 1861
GA
Charleston
Port Royal, 1861
Fort Pulaski, 1862
St. Augustine, 1862
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Union victories
ATLANTIC
Gulf of Mexico
Confederate victories
Capital cities
Other cities
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OCEAN
300 miles
300 kilometers
Who won the Bofile of Antietom?
2. ln whot yeor did the
Confederote ormy coplure ForÌ Sumler?
In September 7862, Confederate and Union forces
faced each other at Antietam Creek in Maryland.
Union General George McClellan received a copy of
Lee's battle plan. Union forces ran through a cornfield
to attack the Confederate troops. The Confederates
fought back. There were more than 23,000 causalities.
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In the end, Lee's troops retteated. The North
declared a victory in the Battle of Antietam.
What was General Lee's plan for winning the war?
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Unit 3 r A Nation Divided
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Sea Battle of the lronclads
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The Union blockade of southern ports caused
problems for the South. Many foreign ships could not
get to southern ports. Southern soldiers and civilians
had to go without supplies and food that they needed.
A civilian is a person who is not a soldier. Southern
ships carrying cotton could not get through the
blockade. The South had hoped to earn money by
sending cotton to Great Britain and France.
To break the blockade, Southerners built ironclad
warships, or ships covered with iron plates. Most
other ships at the time were covered with wood.
The first ironclad warship in the nation was named
the Virginia.Ithad been a Union ship named the
Menimøc, which had sunk. The Confederates
recovered the ship, covered it with iron, and renamed
it the Virgìnia.In L862, thre Virginiø attacked Union
ships. Cannonballs from the Union guns bounced
off the sides of tbe Virginia. T}:re Virginia's guns
sank two Union warships.
The next day, the Union ironclad ship named the
Monitor appeared. The Virginiø and t}re Monitor shot
at each other for several hours. Neither could sink
the other. The Confederates' hope of ending the
blockade was over.
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happened in the battle between tlne Vírgíníø
and the Monítor?
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Fighting Along the Mississippi
Union forces were fighting in the Mississippi River
valley. During 1861 and L862, they captured two
Confederate forts. Under General Ulysses S. Grant,
Union forces won an important battle at Shiloh,
Tennessee. These victories gave the Union control of
the northern Mississippi River valley.
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Meanwhile, Admiral David Farragut led Union
warships at the Battle of New Orleans. New Orleans,
Louisiana was an important supply point for
Confederate troops. The North captured New Orleans
and took control of the southern Mississippi River valley.
The Mississippi River could no longer be a supply
route for the South. However, the North could not use
the river safely either. The Union needed to capture
Vicksburg, Mississippi, to be in control of the entire
river. After six weeks, Union forces under General
Grant won at Vicksburg.
Why was New Orleans important to the South?
After the Battle of Vicksburg in 1863, the lJnion army controtted the Mississippi River.
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Nation Divided
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The Turning Point
ByJuly 1863, General Lee decided to invade the
North, attack Union troops, and force the Union to
make peace.
OnJuly L, L863, the bloodiest battle of the Civil War
began. At the small tor,rm of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,
Lee's forces met Union fotces, led by George Meade.
The battle lasted for three days. Confederate troops
were badly beaten. Lee's army would never again be
strong enough for a big attack on the North. The Battle
of Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War.
On November L9, 1863, President Lincoln attended
a ceremony at Gettysburg honoring Union soldiers
who died in the battle. Lincoln gave a speech known
today as the Gettysburg Address. The speech lasted a
little over two minutes. Lincoln said the Civil War had
to be fought to make sure that "government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish
[die] from the earth."
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-e'trVtry was
the Battle of Gettysburg important?
dection 2 Review
L. Why was the capture of Vicksburg important
for the North?
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2. What did the fight between the Virginia and
the Monitor show?
3. CriticalThinking Why did General Lee go
to Gettysburg?
4. Write About History Write a news article about
a battle in the southeast. Decide whether you
are writing for a northern or a southern
newspaper. Read your article to the class.
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Chapter 10. The CivilWar.
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1861-1865
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