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NAME:_____________________________________________ PERIOD:____ VOCABULARY atom ion molecule element ionic bond electron compound covalent bond proton nucleus van der Waals Forces subatomic particles Isotope polarity MAIN IDEA: LIVING THINGS CONSIST OF ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS. Draw lines to connect the parts of an atom with their descriptions. 1. nucleus particle with a positive electrical charge 2. neutron particle with a negative electrical charge 3. proton particle with no electrical charge 4. electron dense center of an atom Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 5. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are examples of compounds / elements. 6. Elements / Compounds are made up of only one type of atom. MAIN IDEA: IONS FORM WHEN ATOMS GAIN OR LOSE ELECTRONS. Choose whether the statement is true or false. 7. true / false An atom becomes an ion when its number of protons changes. 8. true / false Some ions are positively charged, and some ions have no charge. 9. true / false The formation of an ion results in a full outermost energy level. 10. true / false Ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Section 1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules MAIN IDEA: ATOMS SHARE PAIRS OF ELECTRONS IN COVALENT BONDS. Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 11. Shared pairs of electrons fill the innermost / outermost energy levels of bonded atoms. 12. Covalent bonds are generally very strong / weak. 13. Two atoms may form several covalent bonds to share several pairs of protons / electrons. 14. A molecule is held together by ionic / covalent bonds. Vocabulary Check element compound ion ionic bond covalent bond atom molecule Write each word or phrase next to its definition. ____________________ 15. a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio ____________________ 16. a particular type of atom ____________________ 17. a bond formed by the electrical force between two ions of opposite charge ____________________ 18. a bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons ____________________ 19. the smallest basic unit of matter ____________________ 20. bonds two or more atoms held together by covalent KEY CONCEPT Water’s unique properties allow life to exist on Earth.Vocabulary hydrogen bond solution acid cohesion solvent base adhesion solute pH scale neutral Section 1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules MAIN IDEA: LIFE DEPENDS ON HYDROGEN BONDS IN WATER. Choose whether the statement is true or false. 1. true / false Polar molecules have two regions with a slight positive charge. 2. true / false Water is a polar molecule. 3. true / false Slightly charged regions of water molecules form hydrogen bonds. Choose the best answer for the question. 4. Which property causes water to form beads? a. high specific heat b. cohesion c. adhesion d. polarity 5. Which property of water helps plants to transport water from their roots to their leaves? a. high specific heat b. cohesion c. adhesion d. polarity MAIN IDEA: MANY COMPOUNDS DISSOLVE IN WATER. Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 6. A solution is a mixture of substances that is evenly / unevenly distributed throughout the entire mixture. 7. Blood plasma is an example of a solvent / solute. 8. “Oil and water don’t mix” because a polar / nonpolar molecule can’t easily dissolve in a polar solvent. MAIN IDEA: SOME COMPOUNDS FORM ACIDS OR BASES. 9. In the pH table below, add labels to show which side of the table shows pHs that are more acidic, and which side shows pHs that are more basic. Then add a label to show which pH is neutral. Section 1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Fill in the blank with either solvent or solute. 10. A __________ dissolves in a solution. KEY CONCEPT Carbonbased molecules are the foundation of life.Vocabulary monomer lipid amino acid polymer fatty acid carbohydrate protein nucleic acid monosaccharides polysaccharides Nucleotides MAIN IDEA: CARBON ATOMS HAVE UNIQUE BONDING PROPERTIES. Choose whether the statement is true or false. 1. true / false Carbon atoms form the building blocks of most living things. 2. true / false Carbon’s outer energy level is full Main idea: FOUR MAIN TYPES OF CARBONBASED MOLECULES ARE FOUND IN LIVING THINGS. Complete the table with the functions and examples provided for each type of carbonbased molecule. Functions Examples Provide energy meat fat oils Building blocks of proteins sugar beans DNA Map for making proteins RNA starches nuts Functions Examples Store energy Molecule Type Carbohydrate 3. 4. Lipid 5. 6. Section 1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Protein 7. Nucleic acid 9. 8. 10. Vocabulary Check 11. The prefix mono means “one,” and the prefix poly means “many.” Which contains more molecules, a monomer or a polymer? __________________ KEY CONCEPT Life depends on chemical reactions.Vocabulary chemical reaction catalyst substrate reactant equilibrium enzyme product activation energy MAIN IDEA: BONDS BREAK AND FORM DURING CHEMICAL REACTIONS. 1. Label the reactants and products in the chemical reactions shown below. MAIN IDEA: A CATALYST LOWERS ACTIVATION ENERGY. Choose the best answer to the question. 1. Activation energy is the energy required to a. complete a chemical reaction. b. start a chemical reaction. c. produce a catalyst. d. produce the reactants. 2. Which of the following can reduce the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place? Section 1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules a. reactant b. product c. catalyst d. hydrogen bond 3. What happens to the speed of a chemical reaction when a catalyst is present? a. It speeds up. b. It slows down. c. It stays the same. Section 1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
