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Definitions DNAmolecule that contains genetic instructions, the genetic blueprint Chromosomescondensed DNA structure Definitions Sister chromatid refers to either of the two identical copies formed by the replication of a single chromosome Centromerearea on chromosome that holds sister chromatids together Life Cycle of Cell Life of cell cycles through phases of growth, DNA replication, preparation for cell division, and division. This is repeated during the life cycle. Important: This looks different for Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Preparing for Cell Division New cells are produced by division of preexisting cells (Where have we heard this before?) Each new cells must have all the equipment needed to stay alive What equipment do these cells need? ● DNA and Organelles! Prokaryotic Cells Binary Fission What are the circles in the cells? DNA What is the end product of binary fission? Identical Daughter Cells Eukaryotic Cells Much more complex and complicated than prokaryotes Why do you think this is? ● Organelles! Definitions Chromatinuncondensed DNA Chromosomecondensed form of DNA Clearly identifiable under a microscope Can you spot the difference? Definitions Centrosomeorganelle that help organize the spindle Spindle fibersmicrotubules (hollow protein) that connect to the centromere Eukaryotic Cell Cycle 5 phases 3 phases make up Interphase Remaining 2 phases make up Cell Division Interphase Cell is not dividing Cell growth and DNA replication preparing for cell division 3 Phases 1. G1 2. S 3. G2 G1 First Gap Phase Cell grows and builds organelles S Synthesis Phase DNA is copied Cell has twice as much DNA as it did Identical sister chromatids G2 Second Gap Phase Cell grows and builds organelles Cell Division Broken into two phases: Mitosis: dividing the nucleus into two daughter nuclei, each has the same # of chromosomes Cytokinesis: separating the organelles and cytoplasm Mitosis End Product 2 genetically identical daughter cells Prophase Chromosomes condense Nuclear membrane dissolves Centrosomes move to opposite poles of cell Spindle forms Metaphase Sister chromatids line up on the equator Spindle fibers link to chromatids at the centromere Anaphase Spindle fibers shorten Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of cell Telophase Nuclear envelope forms at each pole Spindle dissolves Chromosomes begin to uncoil Cytokinesis Cytoplasm and cell contents are separated Two genetically identical daughter cells Cytokinesis: Plant vs. Animal Animal Cell -cleavage furrow “pinching of cell” Plant Cell -cell plate formation Made of cellulose just like cell wall Mitosis Vocabulary Somatic Cells- “body cells”, cells that are not a reproductive cell Diploid- cell that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent, 2N Nuclear Membrane- membrane that surrounds nucleus
