Download Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Essential

Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Essential Question: How do the circulatory and respiratory
systems work?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
What is the circulatory system?
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
P30
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
P31
How do the systems work together?
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
P30
Go with the Flow!
What is the circulatory system?
• The circulatory
system includes both
the cardiovascular
system and the
lymphatic system.
• Both systems move
fluids around the
body and protect it
from disease.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
P30
Go with the Flow!
What is the circulatory system?
• The cardiovascular system is your heart, blood, and
blood vessels.
• Blood is the fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and
wastes through the body.
• The cardiovascular system is a closed-loop system.
• Transports hormones, nutrients, and oxygen to
cells and carries waste away.
• The lymphatic system is a group of organs and tissues
that collect fluid that leaks from blood and returns it to
the blood.
• Lymph is the leaked fluid.
• The lymphatic system is an open-loop system. It
can move in and out of blood vessels.
Circulatory System
Cardiovascular
BOTH
• Transports blood  defense of the
throughout your bodybody from
• Carries gases,
infection (bacteria,
nutrients, hormones, viruses, and other
and waste through pathogens)
Transports fluid
the body.
• closed loop system  Systems are
made of vessels
•Arteries
•Veins
•Capillaries
• blood cells
•Heart
p31
Lymphatic
•Collects the fluid
that leaks from blood
and returns it to the
blood.
• Development of
white blood cells
•Removal of fluid
from around tissues
•Open Loop System
•Lymph
• Lymph nodes
• Lymph capillaries
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
P31
How do the systems work together?
As the heart pumps, fluid leaks
out through capillaries, or the
tiniest blood vessels.
White blood
cells, which
fight
pathogens,
mature in
the
lymphatic
system.
Lymph is returned to the
cardiovascular system when it
drains into blood vessels in the
base of the neck.
Maintains homeostasis
by maintaining constant
fluid levels in the blood
Most of this fluid is reabsorbed
by the blood capillaries.
Lymph capillaries absorb the
extra fluid (Lymph) that
contains particles such as dead
cells and pathogens.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Node Doubt!
P32-33
What are the parts of the lymphatic system?
• Lymph nodes are small, beanshaped organs that remove
pathogens and dead cells from
lymph.
• Infection-fighting white blood cells
are found in lymph nodes.
• Lymph nodes are concentrated in the
armpits, neck, and groin.
• Swelling (high concentration of white
blood cells) in lymph nodes can be a
sign of infection.
• Lymph vessels are the thin-walled
vessels with valves that carry lymph
back to lymph nodes.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
P32-33
What are the parts of the lymphatic system?
• Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside bones
where blood cells are produced.
• Tonsils are small organs at the back of the
throat that help defend the body against
infection. An infection of the tonsils is called
tonsillitis.
• The thymus is an organ in the chest where
some white blood cells go to finish
developing.
• The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ.
It stores white blood cells and allows them
to mature.
As blood flows through the spleen, white blood
cells attack or mark pathogens in the blood.
The spleen may also release WBC into the blood
stream
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
P33
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system?
• Lymphoma is a type of
cancer that begins in
the lymph nodes that
can cause a swelling, or
tumor.
• Lymphedema is a
swelling of the body
caused by blockage or
injury to lymph vessels.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
P33
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system?
• Filariasis is a disease caused
by threadlike worms called
nematodes.
• Bubonic plague is a bacterial
infection of the lymphatic
system.
How Hard Does your Heart
Work?
Every minute (60 sec) your heart beats
75-85 times
With each beat it pumps 60 mL of blood
P34-35
What are the parts of the cardiovascular system?
Heart
Parts of the
Cardiovascular
System
Blood
Vessels
Blood
The Heart
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary
Artery
Pulmonary Valve
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary
Veins
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
The Heart of the Matter
What are the parts of the
cardiovascular system?
• The heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood around
your body. Each side of the heart has an upper and a
lower chamber. Each upper chamber is called an atrium.
Each lower chamber is called a ventricle.
• The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to
the lungs.
• The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the
body.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Superior Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Veins
Right
Atrium
Left Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Left
Ventricle
Mitral Valve
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Septum
- The
Body’s
Transport
System
Each time the
heart
beats,
it
pushes blood through blood
vessels of the cardiovascular
system.
Septum: Separates the right side
from left side
Each side has an upper chamber
(atrium) and a lower chamber
(ventricle)
Valve: Separates atria from
ventricles and separates ventricles
from the major blood vessels
Blood enters the atria and pumps
to the ventricles after passing
through valves that keep blood
from moving backward in the
heart.
The Heart
- The Body’s Transport System
The Heart
“Lub/Dup Sound”
Lub – Valves closes between the atria and ventricles
Dup – Valves close between the ventricles & blood vessels
- Blood and Lymph
Blood
Connective Tissue
Transport system
Contains cells, fluid and other substances
Blood travels throughout the body in
tubes called blood vessels.
If blood got mixed up, the oxygen concentration
would be decreased which would negatively affect
all parts of the body that require oxygen to function
properly
- A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
• An artery carries blood away from the heart under
high pressure. We call this pressure blood
pressure.
• Thick layer of smooth muscle
- A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
• A capillary is a tiny blood vessel that allows
exchanges of gas and nutrients between body
cells and blood.
- A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
• A vein carries blood back to the heart.
• Valves in veins keep blood from flowing
backward.
Artery
Capillary
- Blood and Lymph
Blood
Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds
of cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets.
P36
What is blood made of?
Plasma
Platelets
White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Plasma: (55%)
is blood made of?
BloodWhat
Continued!
• The fluid part of blood is plasma, which is a mixture
of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins, and
waste.
Red Blood Cells- pick up oxygen
• Red blood cells are disk-shaped cells that bring
oxygen to every cell in the body.
• Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is an
oxygen-carrying protein.
White Blood Cells – fight disease
• White blood cells in the blood fight pathogens and
keep you healthy.
• Antibodies are chemicals that identify pathogens.
Platelets – pieces of cell fragments
• Platelets are tiny pieces of larger cells found in bone
marrow.
• Platelets clump together to form blood clots when
injury occurs. (Protein Fibrin)
P37
How does blood move through the body?
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
How does blood move through the body?
• Blood moves in two loops or
circuits in the body.
• The flow of blood between
the heart and the lungs is
called pulmonary circulation.
• The circulation of blood
between the heart and the
rest of the body is called
systemic circulation.
Pulmonary Circulation
Oxygen poor blood from the
heart is pumped through
Pulmonary Artery to
lungs.
Blood flows through tiny
capillaries in the lungs
Blood gains oxygen and
looses Carbon Dioxide
Blood then flows back to
the left side of heart
through Pulmonary Vein
Oxygen Poor  Oxygen Rich
Systemic Circulation
Blood from the heart is
Pumped through Aorta to
the rest of the body
Blood flows through
capillaries in different parts
of body  Looses oxygen
and gains Carbon Dioxide
Blood then flows back to the
heart to continue
Pulmonary Circulation
Oxygen Rich Oxygen Poor
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
How does circulation help maintain
body temperature (Homeostasis)?
• Blood vessels get
narrower to conserve
heat when body
temperature gets too
low.
• Rising temperatures in the
body cause blood vessels in
the skin to widen, allowing
heat to be transferred out of
the body.
Diseases
of the cardiovascular
system
Cardiovascular
Health
include atherosclerosis and hypertension
Atherosclerosis:
 a condition in which an artery
wall thickens as a result of the
buildup of fatty materials - like
cholesterol – a waxy substance
 Develops in the coronary
arteries
 Heart muscle receives less
blood and therefore its cells
receive less oxygen.
 May lead to a heart attack
Diseases
of the cardiovascularHealth
system
Cardiovascular
include atherosclerosis and hypertension
Hypertension:
 a disorder in which a
person’s blood pressure is
consistently higher than
normal (> 120/80)
 Makes the heart work
harder to pump blood.
May damage the walls of
blood vessels
 “silent killer”
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Diseases of the cardiovascular system
• Heart attacks – when a coronary artery becomes blocked.
The heart muscle would not receive oxygen and the muscle
tissue dies.
• strokes are caused when coratid arteries become blocked or
burst.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Take a Deep Breath
What are the functions of the respiratory
system?
• The respiratory system is the group of
organs that take in oxygen and get rid of
carbon dioxide.
• Respiration is the transport of oxygen
from outside the body to cells and tissues
and the transport of wastes out of the
body.
- The Respiratory System
How You Breathe
When you breathe, the
actions of your rib
muscles and diaphragm
expand or contract your
chest. As a result, air
flows in or out.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Breathe Easy
What are the parts of the respiratory system?
• The mouth and nose take in air, which then flows to the
pharynx, or throat.
• The pharynx braches into the esophagus, which leads
to the stomach, and the larynx, which leads to the
lungs.
• Air flows through the trachea, or windpipe, to the
lungs.
• The trachea splits into two branches called bronchi,
which connect to each lung.
• Each bronchus branches into bronchioles.
• The bronchioles lead to tiny sacs called alveoli, where
gas exchanges take place.
• The diaphragm is a muscle below the ribcage and lungs
that contracts as you inhale and relaxes as you exhale.
- The Respiratory System
Gas Exchange
After air enters an alveolus, oxygen passes
through the wall of the alveolus and then through
the capillary wall into the blood. Carbon dioxide
and water pass from the blood into the alveoli.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
• Asthma is a condition in which
the airways are narrowed due to
inflammation of the bronchi.
• Pneumonia is an inflammation
of the lungs caused by bacteria
or viruses.
• Emphysema occurs when
alveoli have been damaged,
resulting in poor oxygen
transport.
25) Tonsils
26) oxygen; carbon dioxide
27) alveoli
28) Describe how a problem with the
respiratory system could directly affect the
cardiovascular system.
The cardiovascular system would have
less oxygen to carry in the blood. The lack
of oxygen would affect the heart and other
parts of the body.