Download Low Carbon World Energy and Ice Cap at North Pole

Low Carbon World Economy and
Ice Cap at North Pole
1. Present Situation
1.1 CO2 – emissions
1.2 Reasons for rising CO2 – emissions
2. Consequences of climate change
3. Ways to stop ice cap melting
3.1 Decarbonization of world economy and transport
3.2 New energy systems
1.1 Present Situation
The CO2 concentration in 1750 before the industrial revolution was 250-270ppm
In 2000 the CO2 and methan concentration rises up to 380ppm plus 70ppm Oxidnitrat is equivalen
with 450ppm CO2
Now there are 3000 Billion tons CO2 in the Atmosphere
in addition 26 Billion tons per year.
Expected CO2 emissions in 2050 : 42 Billion tons per year
OECD - Memberstates
1.2 Reasons for rising CO2 Emission:
- rising world population (more transport, more energy, more
food, more habitat, more waste)
- modern industry / industry revolution (more energy, more
transport, more waste, higher raw
material consumption)
- modern society (more transport, more waste, human greed)
2. General consequences of climate change
-Rising number of extreme weather phenomena
-Floods
-Droughts
-Hurricanes
-Tsunamis / tidal waves
-Forest fires
-Water shortage & agricultural problems
-Change / fail of ecological systems
-Dying of rainforest
-Relocation of climate zones
-Feedback on global warming
-Permafrost melting
-Sea level rise & melting of polar caps
Consequences if the Northpole is
melting
Comparison of Arctic sea ice minimum in 2007 with 2005 and the 1979-2000 median minimum
.
At first the good news:
The Ice development in the North-East-Passage
allows to shipping an attractive route to Far East:
Shorter than the way through the Panama cannel
and even shorter than a passage by the Suez Cannel
Access to Resources:
- Oil and natural Gas
- Coal
- Minerals such as gold, silver, platinum, copper and other
- Fishing areas
And the bad News
by the Example of Bangladesh
The sea-level rises „only“ for 1,5 metre
there are 15% of the Population (it means 17 million People!!!)
and
16% of the land areas (22,000 km2) affected
These People are loosing all and
become climate refugees.
This can destabilise this region and
cause a regional conflict
There is another problem
in the Arctic area
Every neighboring state want
its Part of the arctic cap,
but there are unsettled borders
between these countries
The maritime law arrangement (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS))
of the United Nations in the year 1982 states with oceanic coast have the right on
restricted control of the water surface up to a distance of 200 sea miles (~,370 km)
of the base-coastal line (so-called exclusive economic zone).
This means that five bordering states of the Arctic Ocean with territory raise
to the north of the polar circle,
Norway, Denmark, Russia, the USA as well as Canada,
territorial claims to parts of the north polar sea.
This development gives a new hot spot to the world.
The military power demonstrations together with political statements of the protagonists
illustrate the explosive effect of the situation on the North Pole.
3.1 Decarbonisation of the wolrd economy
World economy is divided into three sectors:
-Energy
-Industry
-Transport
Energy
-Use less coal, gas and oil
-Pushing on the change towards green energies
-Wind, solar and hydrodynamic power
Industry
-Upgrade of industrial facilities to increase efficiency
-Strengthen research programs
Transport
-Improving the energy efficiency performance of vehicles across all modes
-Optimizing the performance of multimodal logistic chains
-Using transport and infrastructure more efficiently
3.2 New energy systems
•
•
•
•
Wind
Solar
Biomass
Nuclear energy
Nuclear Energy
Pros:
•electricity price is very low
•Zero CO2 emissions
•Energy Independence (e.g. to oil)
•Nuclear waste can be recycled in processing plants
Cons:
•High costs for storing the nuclear waste
•Very high building costs (nuclear power plants)
•No store for higly nuclear waste until now
•Finiteness of Uranium (≈63 years)
Wind Energy
Pros:
• Free renewable energy
• Low-emission energy
• Cheapest renewable energy/kwh
Cons:
• irregularly energy source
• Changing landscapes
Solar Energy
Pros:
• Free energy source
• Clean emission-less energy production
• Many possible applications
Cons:
• Unsteady solar radiation
• Costly producing of solar moduls
• Use of toxic substances
Biomass
Pros:
• Many possible applications
• Renewable ressources
• Positive CO2 bilance
Cons:
• no unlimited expansion
possibilities
Key Facts about the French energy system
Sources of electricity in France 2006:
Key Facts about the French energy system
•
•
•
•
France obtains 75 % of its electricity from nuclear energy
World largest net exporter
Very active in nuclear technology (reactors, fuel products, services)
17 % of France‘s electricity is from recycled nuclear fuel
Climate change world economy and ice cap at the
noth pole
1- decarbonization and capture and storage of CO2.
2. using of renewable energies such as : wind, solar,
geothermal, hydro, etc.
3 improvment of public transportation to be more
energy efficient and comfortable.
Tips to reduce our personal consumption of energy
to reduce of CO2 emissions
1. Turn off the air conditioner unless it’s absolutely
necessary.
2. Minimise your use of the car. It’s burning fossil
fuels directly!
3. Take shorter showers. This saves water and the
energy needed to heat the water.