Download GN #1 DNA and Cell Cycle - Liberty Union High School District

Unit 5 Cell Reproduction Lecture GN 1 slides: 1-35
Name: __________________________
There are differences in the ways and for what purpose organisms reproduce. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes reproduce
Differently!
Remember: Prokaryotes are ____________________________________
Eukaryotes are ____________________________________
Prokaryotes lack a _________________________, have a singular ____________________________________ and
only reproduce __________________________by _________________________________.
Steps in Binary Fission, ASEXUAL: (the ONLY way prokaryotes reproduce)
1. _____________________________________________________________
2. DNA and cell __________________________________________________
3. Each cell divides into ___________________________________________.
Eukaryotes:
have 2 ways to reproduce: Asexually and sexually. Let’s focus on the asexual way first.
Eukaryotes contain a _________________________________________________________________________
Eukaryotic cells reproduce ASEXUALLY through________________________________________.
This type of cell division provides new cells for ________________________________________________.
The CELL CYCLE OF EUKARYOTES contains many steps:
A cell grows and ______________________________________
It divides ___________________________________________
It divides the cytoplasm to form________________________________________________________________________.
Please jump to slides 29-35
Lets take a close look at chromosomes before learning about the cell cycle.
Slide 29: Before a cell can divide itself into 2 cells, it must duplicate it’s DNA.
DNA needs to duplicate and __________________________________________________________________________.
Chromosomes: Are a condensed form of ____________________________________.
Chromatin is a threadlike ____________________________________________________________
When duplicated it is always paired ____________________________________________
Label me!
These are images of what chromatin is like before, during and after doubling.
1. Double ______________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Condensed chromatin_____________________________________________________________________________
4. Condensed chromatin during interphase. S PHASE where the DNA is duplicated.
5. Super coiled chromatin (now called a chromosome) (or sister chromatids) during Prophase.
Organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes totaling 46
23 from the maternal, and 23 from paternal
In Humans there are 2 types of Chromosomes: Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
Autosomes: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Sex Chromosomes: The 23rd pair . In females the sex chromosomes are the __________________________________.
Males have ________________________________________________________________________________________
The presence of the Y chromosome is what makes a baby a BOY
Is this the karyotype of a boy or of a girl?
BACK TO CELL CYCLE !! slides 9-28.
There are three main Stages in the cell cycle:
1st Stage:________________________________
Cell growth and __________________________
2nd Stage: ______________________________
Division of the nucleus
3rd Stage: ______________________________
Division of the cell cytoplasm
Interphase alone has 3 phases: G1, S, and G2
Interphase is 90% of the cell lifetime!!!
Interphase
G1: Growth Phase First ___________________________
Cell increases____________________________
Cell prepares_______________________________________
S : Synthesis Phase Chromatin is__________________________
Cell now has_____________________________________
Synthesizing ______________________________________________
G2: Growth Phase
Cell _____________________________________________________
Produces needed ____________________________________________
“stock piling_______________________________________________________________________
There are check points along this cycle to check that all is working well. There are three main checkpoints:
G1 Cell Growth checkpoint: Occurs towards end of G1 phase
S Synthesis checkpoint: Occurs during S phase
M Mitosis Checkpoint:
Occurs during Mitosis
Mitosis
Cell growth and ____________________________________________.
4 stages of Nuclear Division in this sequence:
4 Stages of MITOSIS
1. ________________________
2.__________________________
3.__________________________
4._________________________
The steps of Prophase: chromatin coils tightly and___________________________________________________
Nuclear ___________________________________________________________________
Nuceolus _________________________________________________
Centrioles_________________________________________________
Spindle____________________________________________________
The Steps of Metaphase: Spindle fibers form __________________________________________________________
Cell is preparing to ___________________________________________________________________
Cell aligns its ____________________________________________________________________
The Steps of Anaphase: Cell _________________________________________________________________________
Spindle fibers ________________________________________________________________________
The Steps of Telophase: Separation of sister chromatids completed
Cell_______________________________________________________________________________
Cleavage ____________________________________________________________________________
Nucleus and nucleolus reform
** 2 new Nuclei form ___________________________________________________________________
Chromosomes uncoil___________________________________________________________________
Mitosis ENDS
Cytokinesis:
Cytoplasm is ____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Forms ________________________________________________________________
Mitosis and Cytokinesis results in the production of _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
All cells undergo the cell cycle EXCEPT for Sperm and Egg cells (reproductive Cells)
Cell Cycle and Mitosis Questions
1.. Prokaryotic organisms include ___________, while plants and animals are ____________.
2. Describe prokaryotes._____________________________________________________________________________
3. How do bacteria asexually reproduce?________________________________________________________________
4. Name a bacterial cell that reproduces by binary fission.__________________________________________________
5. How do eukaryotes asexually reproduce cells?__________________________________________________________
6. The stages in the growth and reproduction of a cell are called the __________ ___________.
7. List the 5 stages in the cell cycle.__________________ ________________________ _______________________
______________________________ ___________________________________.
8. What does G1 stage stand for?______________________________________________________________________
9. Name two things that happen to a cell during G1?______________________________________________________
10. What is the S stage of the cell cycle?
11. _________ instructions are copied in the S phase as ___________ are duplicated.
12. _______ stands for second growth stage.
13. G2 is the time between ____________ and ___________.
14. Cells continue to _________ during G2 and to make __________ that will be needed for mitosis or cell division.
15. Mitosis or cell division is known as the _____________ stage.
16. Does a cell continue growing & making proteins in the M phase?______________________________________
17. Mitosis means division of the ________________________________.
18. ______________________________ makes up the longest part of a cell's life cycle.
19. What happens to cells during interphase?____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
20. Are chromosomes visible during interphase?____________________________
Mitosis 21. Name the 4 stages of mitosis.__________________________________,
___________________________
_____________________________________, _________________________________________
21. Name 2 things that happen to a cell during prophase._________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Can chromosomes be seen during prophase?__________________________________
23. How many pairs of chromosomes are found in humans?_________________________________________
24. List 3 things that occur during metaphase.____________________________________________________________,
_________________________________________________________, ________________________________________
25. Where are chromosomes located during metaphase of a cell?________________________________________
26. What stage occurs after metaphase?_______________________________________________________________
27 . List 2 things that happen to cells during anaphase.__________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
28. What is the last stage of mitosis?_____________________________________________________________
29. Where are the two sets of chromosomes located at Telophase?_______________________________________
30. What two things reform during Telophase?___________________________________________________________
31. _________________________ or division of the cytoplasm follows ___________, division of the nucleus, and
forms ____________ daughter cells.
32. How do the two, new daughter cells compare to each other?____________________________________________