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Name_________________________________________ Date_______________________ Period__________ MesopotamiaStudyGuide MesopotamiaBackground.Matchtheproblemwiththesolution NotEnoughFoodintheMountains. Createasystemofirrigationcanals, tunnels,andmounds MesopotamianTownsarefightingover Mesopotamiansbuildwallsaroundtheir limitedresources cities. Theirrigationsystemisgettingfilledwith ThePeoplemovedtotheriverplain siltorsoil Theriverisfloodingandlessening Townsworktogethertomaintainthe unpredictably canalsandtrenches TheEpicofGilgameshisastoryabouta___king_____fromthecityUruk.Hemeetshis friend_________Enkidu_____________________andgoesonanadventuretofind ___________eternal___________________life. ModernDayCountry-___________Iraq_________________________________ Mesopotamiameans:meso-_______Middle_____________potamos-_________River_____________ Anothertranslationis:“TheLand_____Between_______________the______Rivers______________.” The________Fertile______________Crescent__________isagreenstripoflandintherivervalley. Itisborderedonthewestbywhatbodyofwater?________MediterraneanSea______________ Itisborderedontheeastbywhatbodyofwater?_______PersianGulf_______________________ 7Aspects(parts)ofCivilization StableFoodSupply • • • Farmingisrequired Supportsalargerpopulation InventionofthePlow, SocialStructure • • • Differentjobsandsociallevels Yourstatusaffectsyourqualityoflife slaveryappearsinthelowestclasses Government • • • Makeslifeorderly ProtectsandGuidesthepeople Createsandenforceslaws Religion/Philosophy • • • • DevelopedCulture • Asetofbeliefs Acommonwayoflife Values Artformssuchasmusic,art,architecture, andliterature Proofofadvancedthinkingstrategies Technology • • • Practicaltoolsandinventions Creationstomakelifeeasier Wheelcreatedin3500B.C.E. • Writing • • Createdfromamorebasicform: Pictographs Detailedwrittenlanguage Usedtorecordinformationaboutsociety 4MajorEmpires AkkadianEmpire Years 2300B.C.E.–2100B.C.E. MajorLeader Sargon ImportantInformation: (Howdidthisempirerule? Anyspecificideas/inventions? Whatmadethisempiredifferent?) • • • Firsteveryempire Strongarmiesbrokedowncitywalls Replacedleaderswithloyalfollowers BabylonianEmpire Years 1800B.C.E.–1500B.C.E. MajorLeader Hammurabi ImportantInformation: (Howdidthisempirerule? Anyspecificideas/inventions? Whatmadethisempiredifferent?) • • • Auniformsetoflaws(TheCodeof Hammurabi Peopletreatedwel Empirewaswellmaintained AssyrianEmpire Years 911B.C.E.–612B.C.E. MajorLeader Ashurbanipal ImportantInformation: (Howdidthisempirerule? Anyspecificideas/inventions? Whatmadethisempiredifferent?) • • • Treatedpeoplecruelly Usedaqueductstotransportwater Thearmywasstretchedtoothintolast Neo-BabylonianEmpire Years 605B.C.E.–562B.C.E. MajorLeader NebuchadnezzarII ImportantInformation: (Howdidthisempirerule? Anyspecificideas/inventions? Whatmadethisempiredifferent?) • • • FortifiedthecityofBabylon(2walls) Createdthesundialandstudied astronomy MayhavebuilttheHangingGardensof Babylon ShortAnswer(topics) EpicofGilgamesh SumerianAchievements Howdidtheempiresrule? ImportantAspectsofCivilization EpicofGilgamesh SumerianAchievements ASumerianReligioustextthattellsthe Sumer,thefirstcity,createdmany taleofareallifeking.Thisstorytalks advancementsinsociety.Afewinclude: aboutthecreationoftheworld, Arches,City-states,irrigation,writing, Gilgamesh’spower,andhismeetingof metalworking,statuestothegods, Enkidu.AfterafewadventuresEnkidu music,mathematics,theplow,games,the diesandGilgameshattemptstosearch wheel,sailboat,andziggurat. forthesecretoflivingforever,but ultimatelyfails. HowEmpiresRule AspectofCivilizations Akkadian–conqueredpeoplesandkept Thereare7majoraspectsofcivilization. themweak Theseareallnecessaryforhumansliving Babylonian–createdamorefairand togetherinlargesocieties.Eachis triedtomaketheempirelookappealing importantandaddressesonepartof Assyrian–Defeatedpeopleandtreated society.The7includeStableFood themharshlyiftheyrebelled Supply,SocialStructure,Government, Neo-Babylonian–veryintellectualand Religion/Philosophy,DevelopedCulture, wealthy,wanttohaveagoodand Technology,andWriting. enjoyablelife. MapofMesopotamia Identify: 1. EuphratesRiver 2. TigrisRiver 3. PersianGulf 1 2 5 4 4. MediterraneanSea 7 6 8 3 5. Persia 6. Uruk 7. Babylon 8. Egypt