Download Henry Cabot Lodge Alfred Thayer Mahan Sanford B. Dole General

Henry Cabot Lodge
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Sanford B. Dole
General John J. Pershing
(1850‐1924) He was an admiral and naval historian whose theories on the relationship of sea power and world commerce influenced foreign policy development in the 1880s and 1890s. His theories were published in The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890). A senator from Massachusetts, he supported American expansion as a way to increase national pride, spread civilization, and thereby gain world power. He and Theodore Roosevelt, drawing upon the theories of naval historian Alfred Thayer Mahan, favored the "large policy." This depended on world trade and ship transport. An American‐controlled canal through Central America was necessary as were coaling stations and naval bases in the Pacific, on Hawaii, Guam, Wake Island, and in the Philippines. A strong navy was required to protect the merchant marine as it sailed from North America to the Far East and points in between. (1860‐1948) (1844‐1926) (1840‐1914) Born in Missouri, he spent his life in the military. He graduated from West Point in 1886 and was commissioned second lieutenant of cavalry. He fought in the Indian Wars, commanded an all‐black unit for a time, taught at West Point, and served as a military observer during the Russo‐Japanese War in 1905. He spent nearly a decade in the Philippines and then was sent to Mexico to apprehend Pancho Villa in 1914. In 1917, he was selected to lead the American Expeditionary Force to Europe during World War I. Pershing did not agree with French and British officers who sought to incorporate the U.S. troops into their units. He insisted that Americans fight together. His troops were instrumental in the defeat of the Germans in the Argonne Forest, in the Meuse‐Argonne region of France. When U.S. President McKinley came into office in 1897; he led renewed negotiations for annexation. The Republic of Hawaii offered a treaty of annexation, which the U.S. accepted by joint resolution in 1898. He drove a hard bargain, in which the U.S. paid off the accumulated national debt of the Kingdom and Republic (paying more than the market value of the ceded lands at that time). He also successfully demanded that although the public lands of Hawaii would be ceded to U.S. control, those lands would not become part of the U.S. land inventory but would be held as a public trust for the benefit of all the residents of Hawaii. He wrote the Organic Act whereby annexation was implemented. In 1900, he became Hawaii's first Territorial Governor. In 1903 he became presiding judge of the U.S. District Court for Hawaii where he served for 12 years until retiring at age 72. Following ten more years of charitable works, he died in 1926. Alvin York
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
George Dewey
(April 29, 1863 – August 14, 1951) (1887‐1964) Known as the greatest [American] hero of He was an American newspaper publisher who built the nation’s largest World War I, after his platoon had suffered heavy casualties and 3 other newspaper chain and whose methods noncommissioned officers had become profoundly influenced American casualties, he assumed command. Fearlessly journalism. Hearst entered the leading 7 men, he charged with great daring a publishing business in 1887 after taking machinegun nest which was pouring deadly control of The San Francisco Examiner and incessant fire upon his platoon. In this heroic feat the machinegun nest was taken, from his father. Moving to New York together with 4 officers and 128 men and City, he acquired The New York Journal and engaged in a bitter circulation war several guns. He was promoted to Sergeant and received the U.S. Medal of Honor, with Joseph Pulitzer's New York World Distinguished Service Cross, the French Croix that led to the creation of yellow de Guerre, the French Legion of Honor, the journalism—sensationalized stories of Croce di Guerra of Italy, and the War Medal of dubious veracity. Montenegro. (April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911) (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) He was an admiral of the United States Navy. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish‐American War. He was also the only person in the history of the United States to have attained the rank of Admiral of the Navy, the most senior rank in the United States Navy. He was a newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. he introduced the techniques of "new journalism" to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s. In the 1890s the fierce competition between his World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal caused both to use yellow journalism for wider appeal; it opened the way to mass‐circulation newspapers that depended on advertising revenue and appealed to readers with multiple forms of news, entertainment and advertising. Today, he is best known for the Pulitzer Prizes, which were established by money he bequeathed to Columbia University, as was the Columbia School of Journalism. The prizes are given annually to award achievements in journalism and photography, as well as literature and history, poetry, music and drama. Franz Ferdinand
Edward Rickenbacker
Manfred von Richthofen
Herbert Hoover
(18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918) He is also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I. He is considered the top ace of that war, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. He was an Archduke of Austria‐Este, Austro‐Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro‐Hungarian throne. His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria‐Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. This caused the Central Powers (including Germany and Austria‐
Hungary) and the Allies of World War I (countries allied with Serbia or Serbia's allies) to declare war on each other, starting World War I. (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) He achieved American and international (October 8, 1890 – July 23, 1973) prominence in humanitarian relief He was an American fighter ace in efforts in war‐torn Belgium and served World War I and Medal of Honor as head of the U.S. Food Administration recipient. With 26 aerial victories, before and during World War I. He he was America's most successful believed "food will win the war"; and beginning on September 29, this slogan fighter ace in the war. He was also a was introduced and put into frequent race car driver and automotive use. As the United States Secretary of designer, a government consultant Commerce in the 1920s under in military matters and a pioneer in Presidents Warren G. Harding and air transportation, particularly as Calvin Coolidge, he promoted the longtime head of Eastern Air partnerships between government and Lines. business under the rubric "economic modernization". John Hay
(October 8, 1838 – July 1, 1905) He was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln. His highest office was serving as United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. He helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the Spanish–American War. He was involved in the Perdicaris incident. He continued serving as Secretary of State after Theodore Roosevelt succeeded McKinley, serving until his own death in 1905. He established the Open Door policy in China. He negotiated the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty (1901), the Hay–Herrán Treaty (1903), and the Hay–Bunau‐Varilla Treaty (1903), all of which were instrumental in clearing the way for the construction and use of the Panama Canal.