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S3 Chemistry Unit 2 Summary Knox Academy S3 Chemistry Unit 2: Atoms and Ions Summary Booklet Pupil Name: ____________ Class: ____________ 1 S3 Chemistry • Unit 2 Summary Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small area known as the _ _ _ _ _ _ _. • The nucleus has a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ charge – deflecting other positively charged particles (like charges repel). • Most of an atom is _ _ _ _ _ space – occupied by fast moving negatively charged electrons. Particle Location Charge Mass Proton Neutron Electron • No. of protons = _ _ _ _ _ _ number of element • No. of protons = no. of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ • _ _ _ _ number = no. of protons + no. neutrons • Atoms contain the particles _ _ _ _ _ _ _, neutrons and electrons. • All the atoms of the same element contain the same number of _ _ _ _ _ _ _. • Isotopes are atoms of the same element which contain different numbers of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. • Isotopes have different _ _ _ _ numbers. • Relative Atomic Mass gives the weighted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ atomic mass for an element. • Electrons are organised in levels of _ _ _ _ _ _ like the layers of an onion. • The shells fill from the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ out. 2 S3 Chemistry • Unit 2 Summary The further away from the nucleus the _ _ _ _ _ _ the energy of the electron. • The electron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for an atom tells us how many electrons are contained in each shell. • The _ _ _ _ _ electrons of an atom determine how it interacts with other atoms. • Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the _ _ _ _ number of outer electrons. • Elements in the same _ _ _ _ _ of the Periodic Table react in a similar way. • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ compounds contain only non-metal elements. • Covalent compounds do not conduct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ regardless of physical state. • Ionic compounds contain a _ _ _ _ _ element and at least one non-metal element. • Ionic compounds conduct electricity only when _ _ _ _ _ _ or dissolved in solution. • We can use state symbols to show the physical state of a substance – solid (_), liquid (_), gas (_) and dissolved in solution (_ _). • Metal atoms _ _ _ _ electrons to form positive ions. • Non-metal atoms _ _ _ _ electrons to form negative ions. • In an ionic compound, alternating _ _ _ _ arrange themselves to form a lattice. • When held in a lattice, ions cannot _ _ _ _ and cannot conduct electricity. • If melted or dissolved in water the ions are _ _ _ _ to move, and the substance can conduct electricity. • For a substance to conduct electricity, charged particles must be able to _ _ _ _ and carry the electrical charge. 3 S3 Chemistry • Unit 2 Summary If we increase the number of charged particles we will increase the quantity of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the substance can transmit. • A covalent bond is a shared pair of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ between two adjacent non-metal atoms. • Positive metal ions are attracted to the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ electrode during an electrolysis. • At the negative electrode, metal ions _ _ _ _ electrons to form metal atoms. • Metal ions are _ _ _ _ _ _ _. • Negative non-metal ions are attracted to the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ electrode during an electrolysis. • At the positive electrode, non-metal ions _ _ _ _ electrons to form nonmetal atoms. • Non-metal ions are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. • Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water to form an _ _ _ _ _ _ solution. • Insoluble metal oxides have _ _ affect on the pH of water. • Soluble non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form an _ _ _ _ solution. • Acids are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ molecules when present as pure substances. • When dissolved in water, the covalent molecules split apart to release _ _ _ _. • Each acidic solution contains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ions. • Acidic solutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ electricity. • If an acidic solution is electrolysed, hydrogen gas is released at the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ electrode. • At the negative electrode positive hydrogen ions _ _ _ _ electrons to form hydrogen atoms. • The hydrogen ions are oxidised (_ _ _ _ electrons). 4