Download Rocks and the rock cycle

ROCKS AND THE ROCK
CYCLE
CHAPTER 10.1
THE BEGINNING OF ROCKS
1.The Beginning of Rocks
a. Magma is liquid rock produced deep in the earth
and is the parent material for all rocks.
b.Once magma hardens at or near the earth’s surface
it begins to change, and is changed many times.
c. Through studies of the crust and the forces and
processes that act upon the rocks of the crust,
scientists have classified rocks into three major
types.
THREE TYPES OF ROCKS
2. Three Major Types of Rocks (Igneous,
Sedimentary, & Metamorphic)
a.Igneous
i. Igneous rocks from when magma cools and
hardens.
ii.The word igneous is derived from the Latin
word meaning “from fire”.
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
b. Sedimentary
i. Sedimentary rock is formed from hardened
deposits of sediments.
ii.Sediments are rock, minerals, and organic
matter that have been carried away and
deposited by water, ice, and wind.
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
c. Metamorphic Rock
i.Metamorphic rock is rock formed from
other rocks as a result of intense heat,
pressure, or chemical processes.
ii.Metamorphic means “changed form”.
METAMORPHIC ROCK
ROCK CYCLE
3. The Rock Cycle
a.Any of the three major types of rocks can be
formed into another type over a period of
time and processes.
b.The rock cycle is a series of processes in
which rock changes from one type to
another and back again.
ROCK CYCLE
ROCK CYCLE
c. For example, Igneous rocks are formed from
cooled and hardened magma. Igneous rocks are
then broken down into sediments through
chemical and/or mechanical weathering. These
sediments are compacted and hardened to form
sedimentary rocks. Through high pressure and
temperature sedimentary rocks can become
metamorphic rock, and if the heat and pressure
become more intense the metamorphic rock can
become magma once again.
ROCK CYCLE
d. While all of the rocks in the earth’s crust
have most likely passed through the
complete rock cycle, rocks do not have to
complete the rock cycle in any order, nor
do rocks every have to go through all three
rock types before returning to the first.