Download MID 2253 Session 1/2016/34

FINAL EXAMINATION
JANUARY 2016 SEMESTER
COURSE
COURSE CODE
DURATION
FACULTY
PROGRAMME
LECTURER
: RADIOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION 2
: MID 2253
: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES
: BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
: DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL IMAGING
: SITI ZURINA MAT NOOR
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
This paper consists of three (3) sections:
Section A – 30 questions (objective questions)
Section B – 3 questions (short answer questions)
Section C – 3 questions (essay questions)
Answer all questions in Section A and B and two (2) questions in Section C
All answers of:
Section A must be written in OMR objective paper provided.
Section B and C must be written in answer booklet provided.
The answer for each question must start on a new page.
Candidates are NOT ALLOWED to bring any unauthorized items into the exam hall
except with the permission of your invigilator.
Do Not Open the Question Paper Until Instructed
This Question Paper Consists of Twelve (12) Printed Pages
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SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
1.
The benefit of using the cassetteless radiography is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
increasing patient waiting.
reducing rate of patient examined.
radiographer need to leave patient to process the film when on call.
eliminating the need for staff to carry cassette to and from darkroom.
FIGURE 1
2.
The type of tomographic motion in FIGURE 1 is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3.
Film-screen mammography relies on the spectrum from a ____________________
target with a ____________________ filter for small to average sized breast.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4.
trispiral.
elliptical.
curvilinear.
hypocycloidal.
rhodium, rhodium
tungsten, aluminium
molybdenum, rhodium
molybdenum, molybdenum
The BEST statement to describe tomography is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
pivot point is not adjustable.
unwanted layers move together with the film.
x-ray tube and cassette moves at the same direction.
object above and lower than the desired plane will be blurred out.
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5.
The exposure amplitude is the
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
distance of tube to fulcrum.
total distance the tube travels.
distance of tube to image receptor.
total distance the tube travels during exposure.
FIGURE 2
6.
Which of the following statements are CORRECT describing FIGURE 2?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
7.
It reduces the image contrast.
It reduces scatter in two directions.
It decreased 2D absorption of scattered radiation.
It has different grid ratio as conventional linear grids.
Safety mechanisms for contrast medium injectors that used by personnel to notify
any problems contain
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
siren.
audible tone.
flashing light.
written message.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ii and iii.
i, ii and iii.
i, iii and iv.
ii, iii and iv.
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8.
In linear tomography, the ____________ tomography angle, the __________
tomographic section.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
lesser; thinner
lesser; thicker
greater; thicker
greater; thinner
X
FIGURE 3
9.
Which of the following statement is TRUE describing the materials of the items
labeled X in FIGURE 3?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
It emits blue light.
It is a very thin coating of aluminum.
It produces larger image than at the input phosphor.
Small particles in a thin coating to preserve high spatial resolution.
10. In a cassetteless radiography, film magazines used with chest stand can
accommodate up to ___________ films.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
15
25
55
100
11. The MOST widely used radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Carbon-11.
Iodine-131.
Strontium-85.
Technetium-99m.
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12. Other than mA and kVp selector, the control panel of Intra-oral Dental x-ray unit
contains
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
master switch.
indicator light.
exposure button.
red warning light.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ii and iii.
i, ii and iii.
i, iii and iv.
ii, iii and iv.
System of computer software standards that permit a wide range of digital imaging
programs to understand one another.
13. The sentence above refers to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
HIS.
RIS.
PACS.
DICOM.
14. The narrow angle exposure amplitude of zonography is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
less than 10º.
less than 50º.
more than 50º.
between 10º to 50º.
15. Which of the following statements are CORRECT about film-screen in
mammography?
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
The screen is positioned on the distal side of the film.
Single screen is used to maximize crossover and parallax.
Film-screen mammography requires high spatial resolution.
Thinner screen is used to improve resolution when using low kV.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ii and iii.
i, ii and iii.
i, iii and iv.
ii, iii and iv.
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16. Direct digital radiography are ______________ systems.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
manual
automatic
screen-less
cassette-less
X
FIGURE 4
17. The advantages of using the shape of X in FIGURE 4 rather than circular shape are
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
patient lower dose.
high collecting charges.
increasing image contrast.
reducing scattered radiation.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ii and iii.
i, ii and iii.
i, iii and iv.
ii, iii and iv.
18. Mammography equipment has dual filaments that produce only 0.3mm and 0.1 mm
focal spot size to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
reduce image contrast.
reduce spatial resolution.
minimize geometric blurring.
increase the dose during exposure.
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19. Digital mammography uses ____________ conversion flat panel detectors.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
direct
manual
indirect
automatic
The smearing that results in the loss of nearly all recorded detail of objects outside
the focal plane.
20. The sentence above refers to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
blur.
fulcrum.
pivot point.
section thickness.
21. The purpose of the panoramic dental radiographic equipment are
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
evaluating diseases of the jaws.
planning any orthodontic treatment.
assessing growth and development.
locating impacted teeth or retained root tips.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ii and iii.
i, ii and iii.
i, iii and iv.
ii, iii and iv.
22. Grid must change orientation in complex motion of tomography to eliminate grid
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
cut off.
off focus.
off centre.
upside down.
23. ____________________ is the standard of generator type for mammography system.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Three phased
Single phased
Double phased
High frequency
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24. Magnification imaging in mammography unit increases _____________ so small
focal spot is used.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
mA
kVp
target size
geometric unsharpness
Y
W
Z
X
FIGURE 5
25. Which of the following statement is TRUE describing the materials of the items
labelled in FIGURE 5?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
W: Aluminium.
X: Aluminium.
Y: Cesium Iodide (CsI).
Z: Antimony and alkali metals.
26. The administered contrast media should be maintained at near body temperature to
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
reduce shock.
warm the patient body.
reduce viscosity of the contrast media.
increase viscosity of the contrast media.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ii and iii.
i, ii and iii.
i, iii and iv.
ii, iii and iv.
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27. The MicroDose mammography system
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
needs a moving anti-scatter grid.
uses a full field digital flat panel.
generates high scatter in the breast.
uses a ‘photon counting detector’.
 The open-ended, lead-lined cylinder that extends from the opening of the metal
housing of the tubehead.
 It is used to aim the x-ray beam for dental radiography.
28. The statements above refer to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
the extension arm.
rhodium inherent filter.
positioning indicator device.
positron emision tomography.
29. Which of the following is NOT the component of the lateral cephalometry?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Head clamp.
The x-ray tube.
Cassette holder.
Head positioned guides.
30. The following structures can be included in panoramic radiography EXCEPT
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
orbit.
maxillary sinus.
temporomandibular joints.
mandible with alveolar bone.
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SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.
1.
The diagram below shows the cross section’s components of gamma camera.
B
A
C
D
a. Describe ONE (1) function of the item labeled A and C.
(3 Marks)
b. Regarding C, list TWO (2) methods that can be used to improve image contrast.
(2 Marks)
c. State ONE (1) material that being used to design B and C respectively. (2 Marks)
d. D is emitted by radiopharmaceuticals when attracted to the organ of interest.
Describe the characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals.
(3 Marks)
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2.
With reference to the outline of digital subtraction angiography procedure below,
D
A
3.
B
C
a. Define digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
(3 Marks)
b. Define the item labeled A, B and C respectively.
(3 Marks)
c. Describe FOUR (4) requirements to design D properly.
(4 Marks)
With reference to basic components in the fluoroscopy machine below,
C
D
B
A
a. Describe FOUR (4) principle components in the item labeled A.
(4 Marks)
b. Describe ONE (1) function of B, C and D respectively.
(6 Marks)
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SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY.
Question 1
With the aid of diagram, explain FOUR (4) types of gamma camera collimators.
(20 Marks)
Question 2
With reference to the mammography machine,
a. Explain the purposes of breast compression during mammography procedure.
(10 Marks)
b. Explain how anode heel effect has been applied to that machine.
(10 Marks)
Question 3
With the simple diagram, explain FOUR (4) controlling factors of blurring effect on
tomography image.
(20 Marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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