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Alexander the Great
conquered Greece, Egypt, Persia, and got
all the way to the Indus River. Responsible
for the spread of Greek culture.
Asoka
Ruler in India who helped spread
Buddhism by creating pillars with
Buddhist sayings.
Battle of Tours
Charles Martel stops the Muslim
expansion at this battle.
Buddhism
religion started by Siddhartha Gautama.
Follows the Four Noble Truths and the
Eightfold Path.
Confucianism
Chinese philosophy that includes respect
for elders and ancestor worship. Practiced
by the Han Dynasty
Daoism/ Taoism
Chinese philosophy that
emphasizes natural balance.
Draco and Solon
tyrants in Athens
Eastern Orthodox/ Greek
Orthodox Christianity
centered in Constantinople; headed by the
patriarch; uses Greek in liturgy; uses icons
Erasmus
Northern Renaissance writer
who wrote Praise of Folly.
Ferdinand and Isabella
Ruled Spain in the Middle Ages. Drove the
Moors out of Spain. Financed Christopher
Columbus' voyage.
Feudalism
political system where people exchange
land and other services for protection
Five Pillars of Islam
Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting,
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
Gutenberg
Made the printing press and is responsible
for printing the Gutenberg Bible.
How did the Gupta contribute
to the Silk Roads?
They served as middle men. They opened
banks and allowed for lines of credit.
Humanism
Philosophy of the Renaissance that
celebrates the individual and is inspired by
Greek and Roman works
Hundred Years' War
Fought between French and English from
mid 1300s to mid 1400s. French eventually
won.
Islam
religion founded by Muhammad,
monotheistic, follows Five Pillars
Judaism
monothestic religion founded by Abraham. Scriptures
include the Torah (Old Testament) and the Ten
Commandments. It spread through exile and
diaspora.
Legalism
Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict
rules and strict punishments. This was
practiced by the Qin Dynasty.
Leonardo da Vinci
Italian Renaissance artist, scientist,
inventor, etc who created art such as the
Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Manor System/ Manorialism
the economic system where people
exchange land for protection
Michelangelo
Italian Renaissance artist who painted the
ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted
the statue of David.
Paul
Never met Jesus but was responsible
for the spread of Christianity.
Peloponnesian War
War between Athens and Sparta. Sparta
wins but Greece is overall weaker.
Persian Wars
War between Greece and Persia. Includes the
Battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis.
Athens wins and launches their Golden Age
Peter
Apostle and the First Bishop of
Rome (Pope).
Phoenicians
a seafaring people of southwest Asia, who around 1100 B.C. began
to trade and established colonies throughout the Mediterranean
region. Developed the phonetic alphabet which served as the
foundation for the Greek alphabet as well as ours today.
Pope Urban II
Pope who started the Crusades
with his speech.
Punic Wars
Raphael
3 wars between Carthage and Rome. Rome
wins which helps expand their territory and
gives them control of the Mediterranean.
Italian Renaissance artist who
painted School of Athens.
Republic
Results of the Plague
a government in which citizens rule through elected
representatives. This was used in ancient Rome. The
US incorporated this into democracy where citizens
vote for representatives who later vote on legislation.
1) Decline in population 2) Scarcity of labor
3) Towns freed from feudal obligations 4)Decline
of Church Influence 5) Disruption of trade
Roman Catholic Church
centered in Rome; headed by the Pope;
Latin used in liturgy; priests take a vow of
celibacy
Shia
Followers of Islam who believe that the
caliph should be a relative of Muhammad.
Shintoism
Ancient Japanese religion that was
later incorporated with Buddhism.
Silk Roads
System of trade routes that connected
China with Rome through India.
Sir Thomas More
Northern Renaissance writer
who wrote Utopia
Spread of the Renaissance
started in Italy in the 1300s and moved
north through the rest of Europe
Sunni
The Prince
Followers of Islam who did not object to the
Umayyad's rule. Do not believe the caliph
should be a descendant of Muhammad.
A book by Machiavelli. This book supports
the absolute power of a ruler.
Trans-Saharan Trade Route
Trade route that crossed the Sahara Desert
and connected West Africa to the
Mediterranean.
What caused the fall of Rome
Moral decay, constant civil war, too big to defend, defense
costly, inflation, hired mercenaries were not loyal to
Rome, lack of discipline in the military, weak rulers, and
the Germanic Invasions caused by the invading Huns.
What caused the Sunni-Shia
split?
Death of Ali (murder)
What civilization claimed to be
the "third Rome"?
Russia
What cultures make up the
blend in Hellenistic culture?
Indian, Egyptian, Greek (and
Persian)
What did the Chinese influence
in Japan?
writing, architecture, Buddhism
(religion)
What did the Chinese trade?
Paper, silk, porcelain
What is the Magna Carta?
Document drawn up by the nobles and signed by
King John during the Middle Ages. It was
important because it limited the king's power.
What led to the spread of
Christianity?
popularity of message, early
martyrs, apostles
What led to the spread of
Judaism?
Exile and diaspora
What was Humanism
philosophy of the Renaissance. It focused
on expressing the reality of humanity and
human nature in art and literature.
What was Justianian's Code?
Law code drawn up by a panel chosen by
Justinian. They used Roman law as the
basis for this code.
What was the state religion in
the Persian Empire?
Zoroastrianism
What was traded in Africa?
Gold and Salt
What were the major
accomplishments of the Byzantines?
Built the Hagia Sophia. Preserved GrecoRoman culture. Justinian's Code; Religious
mosaics
Who was Petrarch?
Italian Renaissance writer
famous for writing sonnets.