Download S8P2 Energy Transformations - Mrs. Carnes

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Transcript
S8P2 Energy Transformations
• The Law of Conservation of Matter states that
matter can change in form as a result of
physical and chemical changes
• No matter is created or destroyed and the
overall mass of the matter does not change.
1
• The Law of Conservation of Energy states that
energy is neither created nor destroyed. It is
simply transformed from one type of energy
into another.
2
Kinetic and Potential Energy
• All energy can be classified into two
categories:
• A. kinetic
• B. Potential
3
Kinetic and Potential Energy
• Kinetic energy is energy
resulting from the motion of
an object
• The amount of kinetic energy
an object has is determined by the mass of
the object and the speed of the object.
4
Kinetic and Potential Energy
• Kinetic energy= ½ x mass x velocity2
• KE= ½ mv2
5
Kinetic and Potential Energy
• Potential energy is stored
energy
• An object has potential energy
because of its position or
composition
6
Kinetic and Potential Energy
• Potential energy=
mass x height
PE= M x H
• Potential energy
stored in an object
can change into
kinetic energy
7
Energy Transformations
• Energy can be
transformed or
changed from one
form to another
• Energy
transformations are
part of your daily life.
8
Energy Transformations
• Plants convert
electromagnetic energy
from sunlight into
chemical energy through
the process of
photosynthesis
9
Energy Transformations
• When you eat vegetables,
your body converts some of
the stored chemical energy
into thermal energy to
maintain your body temperature and
mechanical energy to enable you to move
10
Energy Transformations
• Chemical energy stored in
fuels, such as logs, is
converted to
electromagnetic energy and
thermal energy
11
Energy Transformations
• Stars like the sun convert
nuclear energy into
electromagnetic energy
and thermal energy.
12
Energy Transformations
• The energy in vegetables you eat
is stored in the vegetables as
chemical energy
• The energy in fuels also is stored
chemical energy
* This energy is released when the fuels are
burned
13
The Law of Conservation of Energy
• No matter how energy is transformed, energy
itself is not made or destroyed.
• Law of Conservation of Energy states while
energy may change from one
form to another, energy is neither
created nor destroyed
14
The Law of Conservation of Energy
• In some energy conversions
energy may appear to be lost or
destroyed
• This occurs because energy
transfers are never completely
efficient
15
The Law of Conservation of Energy
• When energy is transferred
from one object to another or
when an object hits the
ground
• Some energy is usually
released as thermal energy
(heat)
16
The Law of Conservation of Energy
• Friction is responsible for
this apparent energy loss.
• Friction is present any time
two objects are in contact
with one another
17
The Law of Conservation of Energy
• When you roll a ball across a floor, the ball
comes to a stop because
of friction between the
ball and the floor
18
The Law of Conservation of Energy
• A swing pendulum eventually stops because of
air resistance
• Air resistance is a form of friction that opposes
the motion of an object moving through air
19