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the Maryland Line March 2017 Volume 36, Issue 7 New York City’s Civil War By Christopher Kolakowski In 1861, New York was a very different place from the metropolis we know today. The busiest and most important port in the U.S., secession rocked the city financially. New York itself contemplated seceding for a time, but chose to stay with the Union. New York State sent more men to the Civil War than any other state; one-quarter of the units raised came from New York City. Quite a few (69th, 79th, 20th, 58th, 39th, and others) came from specific ethnic groups in the city. Many units developed noted combat records on battlefields in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, among other places. As the war went, on New York Draft Riots in July 1863, which was the largest insurrection of its kind in United States history. Suppressing these riots and ensuring they didn’t recur occupied Union forces for much of the last half of 1863. There was much more that happened to the Union’s largest city during the Civil War. The presentation will explore these stories and some other ties. Christopher L. Kolakowski was born and raised in Fredericksburg, VA. He received his BA in History and Mass Communications from Emory & Henry College, and his MA in Public History from the State University of New York at Albany. Chris has spent his career interpreting and preserving American military history with the National Park Service, New York State government, the Rensselaer County (NY) Historical Society, the Civil War Preservation Trust, Kentucky State Parks, and the U.S. Army. He has written and spoken on various aspects of military history and leadership from 1775 to the present. He has published two books with the History Press: The Civil War at Perryville: Battling for the Bluegrass and the Stones River and Tullahoma Campaign: This Army Does Not Retreat. Chris is a contributor to the Emerging Civil War Blog, and his study of the 1941-42 Philippine Campaign title Last Stand on Bataan was released by McFarland in late February 2016. In September 2016 the U.S. Army published his volume on the 1862 Virginia Campaigns as part of its sesquicentennial series on the Civil War. Chris lives in Norfolk, Virginia, where he is Director of the MacArthur Memorial. 1 Williamsburg, Brooklyn (still a separate city until 1898) and New Jersey. The white elite in New York organized to provide relief to black riot victims, helping them find new work and homes. The Union League Club and the Committee of Merchants for the “Relief of Colored People” provided nearly $40,000 to 2,500 victims of the riots. By 1865 the black population had dropped to under 10,000, to the lowest since 1820. The white working-class riots had changed the demographics of the city, and whites exerted their control in the workplace; they became “unequivocally divided” from blacks. On August 19, the government resumed the draft in New York. It was completed within 10 days without further incident. Fewer men were drafted than had been feared by the working class: of the 750,000 selected nationwide for conscription, only 45,000 were sent into active duty. While the rioting mainly involved the working class, middle and upper-class New Yorkers had split sentiments on the draft and use of federal power or martial law to enforce it. Many wealthy Democratic businessmen sought to have the draft declared unconstitutional. Tammany Democrats did not seek to have the draft unconstitutional, but helped pay the commutation fees for those who were drafted. In December 1863, the Union League Club recruited over 2,000 blacks soldiers, outfitted and trained them, honoring and sending men off with a pararde through the city to the Hudson River docks in March 1864. A crowd of 100,000 watched the procession, which was led by police and members of the Union League Club. New York’s support for the Union cause continued, however, grudgingly, and gradually Southern sympathies declined in the city. New York banks eventually financed the Civil War, and the state’s industries were more productive than those of the entire Confederacy. By the end of the war, more than 450,000 soldiers, sailors, and militia had enlisted from New York State, which was the most populous state at the time. A total of 46,000 military men fro New York State died during the war, more from disease than wounds. The New York City draft riots : their significance for American society and politics in the age of the Civil War https://www.buffalolib.org/vufind/Record/563433/Reviews By Iver Bernstein For five days in July 1863, at the height of the Civil War, New York City was under siege. Angry rioters burned draft offices, closed factories, destroyed railroad tracks and telegraph lines, and hunted policemen and soldiers. Before long, the rioters turned their murderous wrath against the black community. In the end, at least 105 people were killed, making the draft riots the most vio len t in su rrec t io n in A me ric a n h ist o r y. In this vividly written book, Iver Bernstein tells the compelling story of the New York City draft riots. He details how what began as a demonstration against the first federal draft soon expanded into a sweeping assault against the local institutions and personnel of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party as well as a grotesque race riot. Bernstein identifies participants, dynamics, causes and consequences, and demonstrates that the "winners" and "losers" of the July 1863 crisis were anything but clear, even after five regiments rushed north from Gettysburg restored order. In a tour de force of historical detection, Bernstein shows that to evaluate the significance of the riots we must enter the minds and experiences of a cast of characters-Irish and German immigrant workers, Wall Street businessmen who frantically debated whether to declare martial law, nervous politicians in Washington and at City Hall. Along the way, he offers new perspectives on a wide range of topics: Civil War society and politics, patterns of race, ethnic and class relations, the rise of organized labor, styles of leadership, philanthropy and reform, strains of individualism, and the rise of machine politics in Boss Tweed's Tammany regime. An in-depth study of one of the most troubling and least understood crises in American history, The New York City Draft Riots is the first book to reveal the broader political and historical context--the complex of social, cultural and political relations--that made the bloody events of July 1863 possible. The Aftermath https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots The exact death toll during the New York Draft Riots is unknown, but according to historian James M. McPherson (2001), 119 to 120 people were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days. The riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area. Historian Samuel Eliot Morison wrote that the riots were “equivalent to a Confederate victory”. Fifty buildings, including two Protestant churches and the “Colored Orphan Ayslum”, were burned to the ground. During the riots, landlords, fearing that the mob would destroy their buildings, had driven blacks from their residences. As a result of the violence against blacks, hundreds left New York, including James McCune Smith, moving to The “Colored Orphan Asylum” was burned during the riots. 2 4 PA Lecture, “’In violation of the laws and customs of war’: Andersonville and the Trial of Henry Wirz,” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor center. 1 pm. Free. nps.gov/gett/planyourvisit/interpretation.htm. 5 PA Lecture, “’It was, indeed, a scene of unsurpassed grandeur and majesty’ - An Audio-Visual Presentation of NPS Coverage of the 150th Anniversary of the Civil War,” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor center. 1 pm. Free. nps.gov/gett/planyourvisitor/interpretation.htm 11 VA Sign dedication and tours at Cockpit Point, 18245 Cockpit Point Road, Dumfries. 10 am dedication free; tours at 11 am, 1 and 3 pm are $20. Reservations: 703-792-4754. 11 PA Lecture, “How Does the Civil War Qualify as the First Modern War?” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor c e n t e r . 1 p m . F r e e . nsp.gov/get/planyourvisitor/interpretation.htm 12 PA Lecture, “Farms of Gettysburg: Lydia Leister Farm,” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor center. 1 pm. Free. nsp/gov/gett/planyourvisit/interpretation.htm 18 MD Hike, “The Irish Brigade at Antietam,” at the Antietam National Battlefield in Sharpsburg. 1-3 pm. Free with park admission. nps.gov/anti 18 DC Symposium, “Abraham Lincoln,” at Ford’s Theatre. 9 am-5 pm. Free. Registration, ticket info: fords.org 18 PA Symposium, “The Environment in the Civil War,” lectures and panel at the Seminary Ridge Museum in Gettysburg. 8:30 am-5:15 pm. $100. seminaryridgemuseum.weebly.com 18 PA Lecture, “Farms of Gettysburg: William Culp Farm,” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor center. 1 pm. Free. nps.gov/gett/planyourvisitor/interpretation.htm 19 PA Lecture, “Farms of Gettysburg: George Weikert Farm,” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor center. 1 pm. Free. nps.gov/gett/planyourvisitor/interpretation.htm 25 PA Lecture, “Farms of Gettysburg: Basil Biggs Farm,” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor center. 1 pm. Free. nsp.gov/gett/planyourvisit/interpretation.htm 25 VA Walking tour, “Beyond the Battlefield,” Alexandria’s Old Town Civil War sites. Begins at the Lyceum, 201 S. Washington St, Alexandria. 10 pm. $20 at door, $15 advance. leefendallhouse.org 25-26 VA Symposium, “Everything is New Here,” Prince William County-Manassas event. Saturday lectures including Civil War at the Old Court House, 9248 Lee Ave, Manassas. 9 am-4 pm. $10. Bus tour of related historic homes Sunday. $50. Information, reservations: 703-792-4754. 26 PA Lecture, “Farms of Gettysburg: Abraham Brian Farm,” at the Gettysburg NMP visitor center, 1 pm. Free. nps.gov/gett/planyourvisitor/interpretation.htm 31-April 2 MD Symposium, “Lincoln Assiassination Studies: No Foolin’ - Just the Facts,” sponsored by the Surratt House Museum in Clinton. $175. surrattmuseum.org Upcoming Speakers Apr 13: Phil Greenwalt—Maryland in the First Two Years of the War May 11: Chris Mackowski—Memoirs: Grant’s Last Battle Receive Your Newsletter by Email! Like everybody, we are trying to tighten our belts. One way is to receive newsletter by email. You will receive your newsletter earlier, in color, and most importantly—in one piece. So if you w o u l d l i k e t o r e c e i v e yo u r newsletter by email, contact Vivian Eicke at [email protected], and I’ll put you on the email list. Has Your Address or Email Changed? Has your mailing address or email changed recently? If there has been a change in either of them, please email Vivian Eicke at [email protected] and Bob Clark at [email protected] or at 301-253-2485. Don’t Forget Our Monthly Dinner! Don’t forget our monthly dinners before the presentation! It’s a great time to meet the speaker, and believe it or not eat some really good food. We do ask that you make a dinner reservation with Bob Clark so he knows how many will be attending dinner. Bob’s contact information is: 301-253-3485 or [email protected]. March Civil War Traveler Events For further events go to: http://civilwar.travel/mobile/ 4 DC/VA Bus Tour, “Civil War Battles at Kelly’s Ford and Bristoe Station,” a Smithsonian tour with Ed Bearss. Leaves 550 C St SW, Washington. 7:45 am-7 pm. $190. smithsonianassociates.org (click Civil War). 4 VA Bus Tour, “The Marks They’ve Left Behind,” Civil War graffiti at Ben Lomond, Blenheim, Brandy Station, and others. 8 am-5 pm. $80/lunch included. 703-367-7872. 4 MD Lecture, “Nurse Cornelia Hancock,” at the National Museum of Civil War Medicine in Frederick, 2:30 pm. Free with admission. civilwarmed.org. 3 Montgomery County Civil War Round Table 10510 Moxley Road Seventh Regular Meeting of 2016 - 2017 Season Date: March 9, 2017 Damascus, MD 20872 Place: Hilton Hotel 620 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, MD Comments, Questions or Suggestions If you have any questions, comments or suggestions Contact Vivian Eicke at 301-681-6497 Time: 7:00 p.m. - Dinner 8:00 p.m. - Speaker Next Month’s Meeting Speaker: Phil Greenwalt Topic: Maryland in the First Two Years of the War Date: April 13, 2017 Speaker: Christopher Kolakowski Topic: New York City’s Civil War Dinner: $25.00 The Maryland Line Vivian Eicke, Editor c/o MCCWRT 10510 Moxley Road Damascus, MD 20872 Speaker only: $5.00 Reservations: Bob Clark 301-253-3485 Email: [email protected] Layout and Production Vivian Eicke Reservation Deadline: 9:00 p.m., Monday, March 6th. Please remember that if you have made a dinner reservation and are a no show, then the Round Table has to pick up the tab. So help us keep costs to a minimum by honoring your reservation. Thank you. Substitute Meals If you have dietary restrictions, and require something other than what is on the menu, please let Bob know when you make your reservations. Montgomery County Civil War Round Table 10510 Moxley Road Damascus, MD 20872 Winter Weather Policy Mother Nature has been having a field day with our weather as of late, so who knows what kind of weather we’ll have on the day of our meeting. So as a reminder of our winter weather policy, we WILL NOT meet if the Montgomery County School system cancel their evening activities. So if the weather looks iffy, listen to news for possible cancellations. We like y’all too much to lose any of you to an accident. 4