* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Anthropology Introduction
Inclusive fitness in humans wikipedia , lookup
Structuralism wikipedia , lookup
Economic anthropology wikipedia , lookup
Cross-cultural differences in decision-making wikipedia , lookup
Cultural ecology wikipedia , lookup
Cultural relativism wikipedia , lookup
Forensic anthropology wikipedia , lookup
History of anthropometry wikipedia , lookup
Popular culture studies wikipedia , lookup
Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship wikipedia , lookup
Ethnography wikipedia , lookup
Intercultural competence wikipedia , lookup
Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali wikipedia , lookup
Post-processual archaeology wikipedia , lookup
American anthropology wikipedia , lookup
Ethnoscience wikipedia , lookup
Political economy in anthropology wikipedia , lookup
ANTHROPOLOGY an introduction for historians [email protected] 1 Historicizing the HISTORICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS EP Thompson Natalie Zemon Davis Peter Burke Carlo Ginzburg Keith Thomas On the Left? Outsider status? ‘Always historicize’ 2 A generation? ‘always historicize’ 3 History and Anthropology THE CLASSICAL INHERITANCE 4 Herodotus described both as the first anthropologist and the ‘father of history’ Tacitus ‘Germania’ Classical education as a lesson in cultural difference Missionaries and Explorers: ENCOUNTERS WITH THE NEW WORLD 5 St Jean de Brébeuf (1593-1649) and the Huron dictionary Joseph-François Lafitau (16811746) Mœurs des sauvages américains comparées aux mœurs des premiers temps Louis Armand, Baron de Lahontan (1666-c.1716) Dialogues de M. le Baron de la Hontan et d’un sauvage dans l’Amérique (1703) Jean-Frédéric Bernard (1683-1744) & Bernard Picart (1673-1733) Traité des cérémonies religieuses de toutes les nations (11 vols, 1723-43) 6 From STADIAL THEORY to the Rankean counter-revolution 7 Scottish Enlightenment ‘speculative historians’ Adam SMITH, John MILLAR, Henry HOME, Adam FERGUSON Stadial Theory and Progress From Savage to Barbarian to Civilized From stone age to bronze age to iron age (C.J. Thomsen) From poetry to drama to prose From family to tribe to monarchy to… ? From animism to polytheism to monotheism to…? The REACTION THE EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGISTS Edward Tylor (Keeper of the Pitt-Rivers, 1883, 1st chair in Anthropology at Oxford, 1896) and Primitive Culture ‘Survivals in Culture’ James Frazer (First chair in Social Anthropology at Liverpool in 1908) and The Golden Bough ‘The Savage Within’ 8 THE FUNCTIONAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS THE BRITISH SCHOOL OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY Bronislaw Malinowski Fieldwork in the Trobiand Islands Alfred Radcliffe-Brown Fieldwork in the Adaman Islands Gives rise to: Functionalism Structural Functionalism 9 CULTURAL ANTHROPOLIGISTS Clifford Geertz THICK DESCRIPTION Pierre Bourdieu AND SYMBOLIC CAPITAL 10 WHAT’S THE APPEAL? obvious problems for historians with the anthropological approach PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION SCALE FUNCTIONALISM AND THE DENIAL OF CONFLICT STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM AND THE DENIAL OF CHANGE Eg Pitt-Rivers, The People of the Sierra, and ‘Honour and Shame’. 11 Explaining HISTORICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Treat the past like ‘a foreign country’ – witchcraft for example Robert Darnton ‘‘other people are other. They do not think the way we do.” For example •EP Thompson on cross dressing •Davis on ritual violence •Ginzburg on shape-shifting Symbols as sources for ‘history from below’ Thompson and Davis on crowd violence CLUES Humanist history Rejection of top-down social engineering projects of the postwar era Failure of the established Left in 1968 AGENCY Bottom up history The local, the micro, the street-fighter’s view AGENCY View from the Margins History of the excluded (Women’s liberation, Gay liberation, Civil Rights) 12 The democratisation of the university BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 Biersack, Aletta, ‘Local Knowledge, Local History: Geertz and Beyond’, in Lynn Hunt (ed.) The New Cultural History (London ,1989), pp. 72-96. Burke, Peter, History and Social Theory (Cambridge, 1992), esp. chs.1 & 4. —Historical Anthropology of Early Modern Italy (Cambridge, 1987). Chartier, Roger, Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations (Cambridge, 1988), Chap. 4. A critical reading of Darnton. Cohn, B.S., 'History and Anthropology: The State of Play', Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22 (1980), 198-221. Darnton, Robert, The Great Cat Massacre and other Episodes in French Cultural History (London, 1984), Chaps 1 and 2. [See the criticism of this book in Chartier]. Davis, Natalie Zemon, Society and Culture in Early Modern France (Stanford 1975), Chapters 4-6. Dezan, Suzanne, ‘Crowds, community and ritual in the work of E.P. Thompson and Natalie Davis’, in Lynn Hunt (ed.) The New Cultural History (London ,1989). Evans-Pritchard, E. E., Anthropology and History (Manchester, 1961). Geertz, Clifford, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays (New York, 1973), Chaps 1 and 15. —'History and Anthropology', New Literary Theory 21 (1990), 321-35 + Rosaldo’s response, 337-41. Gentilcore, David, ‘Anthropological Approaches’, in G. Walker (ed.), Writing Early Modern History (London, 2005), pp. 49-70 Ginzburg, Carlo, ‘Ritual Pillages: A Preface to Research in Progress’, in Edward Muir & Guido Ruggiero (eds.), Microhistory and the Lost Peoples of Europe (Baltimore, 1991), + the introduction. Goody, Jack, The development of the family and marriage in Europe (Cambridge, 1983). Green, A., & Troup, K. (eds), The Houses of History: A Critical Reader in Twentieth-century History and Theory (Manchester, 1999), pp. 172-81 (‘Anthropology and Ethnohistory’). Very useful book for disciplines in general. Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel, Carnival in Romans: A People’s Uprising, 1579-1580 (London, 1980). Muir, Edward. Rituals in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, 1997. Sabean, David. Power in the Blood. Village Discourse and Popular Culture in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge, 1984. Esp. Chap. 6. Sahlins, Peter, ‘Deep Play in the Forest: Peasant Culture and Protest in Nineteenth-Century France’, in Barbara Dieffendorf and Carla Hesse (eds.), Culture and Identity in Early Modern France, 1500-1800 (Ann Arbor, 1993). Note that Peter Sahlins is the son of a leading anthropologist – Marshall Sahlins. Schulte, Regina. The Village in Court: Arson, Infanticide and Poaching in the Court Records of Upper Bavaria, 1848-1910. Cambridge, 1994. Scribner, Bob. Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation Germany. London, 1987. Thomas, Keith, Religion and the Decline of Magic (London, 1980). —'History and Anthropology', Past & Present 24 (1963), 3–24. Thompson, E. P., Customs in Common (London, 1991). —'Anthropology and the Discipline of Historical Context’, Midland History 1 (1972). Walters, R. G., ‘Signs of the Times: Clifford Geertz and the Historians’, Social Research 47 (1980), 537-56.