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Module 33
Psychological Therapies
EQ: Evaluate the different therapies
and their specific techniques.
Module Overview
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Psychoanalysis
Humanistic Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Family and Group Therapies
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Psychotherapy
• An interaction between a trained therapist
and someone who is seeking to overcome
psychological difficulties or achieve
personal growth.
There are over 250 different types of therapy!
Four Major Types of Psychotherapy
• Most therapies can be divided into:
– Psychoanalytic
– Humanistic
– Behavioral
– Cognitive
(remember these from our
Personality unit?!)
Eclectic Approach
• depending on the person’s problems,
the therapist uses techniques from
various forms of therapy
• Uses whichever therapy works best for the
problem the person has
– Cognitive therapy might work best for a young person
with depression
– Systematic desensitization (behavioral) might be best
for someone with OCD
Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
• Freud’s theory of personality
• Also a therapeutic technique
• provides insight into thoughts
and actions by exposing and
interpreting the underlying
unconscious motives and
conflicts.
Psychoanalysis Assumptions
• Psychological problems are the result of
repressed conflicts and impulses
from childhood.
• The therapist helps the
patient sort through their
unconscious
Free Association
• Freudian technique of discovering the
unconscious mind--where the patient
relaxes and says whatever comes to
mind, no matter how
trivial or embarrassing
Interpretation
• the analyst’s ideas of the meaning
behind dreams, resistances, and other
significant behaviors to promote insight.
Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Psychoanalysis:
The Psychodynamic
Perspective
Psychodynamic Approach
• A more modern view that retains some
aspects of Freudian theory but rejects
other aspects
• Retains the importance of the
unconscious mind
• Less emphasis on unresolved childhood
conflicts
Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Nondirective Therapy
• Therapist listens without interpreting
and does not direct the client (patient) to
any particular insight.
• Client just talks and therapist listens
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
• Humanistic psychologist who developed
client-centered therapy and
• stressed the importance of acceptance,
genuineness, and empathy in fostering
human growth.
• http://youtu.be/o0neRQzudzw
Client-Centered Therapy
• the therapist uses techniques such as active
listening within a genuine, accepting,
empathic environment to facilitate the
client’s growth.
• The therapy stresses:
– Empathy
– Acceptance
– Genuineness
Active Listening
• Empathic listening in which the listener
echoes, restates and clarifies.
Active Listening Characteristics
• Active listening entails:
– Echoing/Reflecting feelings: mirrors the
feelings of the client
– Restating/Paraphrasing: uses the words
of the client to summarize the conversation
– Clarifying: encouraging the client to say
more by asking leading questions
Try it! 
Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Behavior Therapy
• applies learning principles to the
elimination of unwanted behaviors.
• Uses both classical and operant
conditioning
• Primary concern is to eliminate the
disorder’s behavior, not find the cause
of the disorder
• http://youtu.be/9YzBWJFVIdw
Behavior Therapy
• Primary concern is to eliminate the
disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the
disorder
Counterconditioning
• A behavior therapy
technique that teaches
us to associate new
responses to places
or thing that have in
the past triggered
unwanted behaviors.
Systematic Desensitization
• A type of counterconditioning that associates a
pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing,
anxiety-triggering stimuli.
• Usually used to treat phobias
Systematic Desensitization Process
• Establish a hierarchy of the anxietytriggering stimuli
• Learning relaxation methods
(progressive relaxation)
• Slowly think through the hierarchy,
working to relax whenever anxiety is
felt
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
• An anxiety treatment that
progressively exposes
people to simulations of
their greatest fears, such
as airplane flying,
spiders, or public
speaking.
• http://youtu.be/CQgKEp_
NhHk
Aversive Conditioning
• associates an unpleasant state (such as
nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as
drinking alcohol)
• The person is replacing a positive but
harmful response with a negative response
• Example with alcoholism: Lace a drink with
a drug that makes the person becomes sick
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc8rtjxG-eI
Aversive Conditioning
Token Economy
• An procedure that attempts to modify
behavior by rewarding desired behavior
with some small item.
• The tokens can be exchanged for various
privileges or treats
Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapy
• teaches people new, more adaptive ways
of thinking and acting.
• Based on the assumption that thoughts
intervene between events and our
emotional reactions
• http://youtu.be/0mrgqXoQI80
Cognitive Therapy
• Almost half of all therapists at a
university setting use cognitive therapies
Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
• combines changing self-defeating
thinking with changing inappropriate
behaviors
• http://youtu.be/95SNt21Jyyk
Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Family and Group
Therapies
Group Therapy
• Having a therapist work with a number
of patients at one time
• Groups usually consist of 6 to 10 people
• Cognitive, behavior, and humanistic
therapists all can lead group therapies.
• http://youtu.be/qrUy6nWJrqg
Advantage of Group Therapy
• Therapists can help more than one
person at a time.
• Overall session cost is lower.
• Patients interact with others having the
same problems as they have.
• Builds a sense of community
• http://youtu.be/IOVj1s3yylo
Family Therapy
• views an individual's unwanted behaviors as
influenced by other members of the family
• positive relationships and improved
communication
• http://youtu.be/6JjcIiCJaDo
Comparison of Psychotherapies
The End