Download What I Learned Last Week - Chapter 18

Which of these characteristics is exclusive to the
endocrine system when compared with the
nervous system?
a. relies on release of chemical that bind to
specific receptors
b. relies primarily on negative feedback
mechanisms
c. uses epinephrine and norepinephrine as
chemical messengers
d. effective in coordinating cell, tissue, and
organ activities on a sustained, long-term
basis
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What is one of the endocrine functions of the
hypothalamus?
a. It secretes regulatory hormones that
influence endocrine cells in the anterior
pituitary gland.
b. It has autonomic centers that exert direct
neural control over endocrine cells of the
adrenal cortex.
c. Hypothalamic neurons synthesize hormones
like ADH that increase the elimination of
water from the body.
d. All of the above are correct.
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What statement below is true of peptide
hormones?
a. They are derivatives of arachidonic acid.
b. They are synthesized by ribosomes and
are lipophilic.
c. They are also called biogenic amines and
are synthesized from tyrosine.
d. They are chains of amino acids such as
glycoproteins, small proteins, or
polypeptides.
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If levels of calcium are low in the blood, what
hormone would restore calcium to
homeostasis?
a. calcitonin
b. parathyroid hormone
c. insulin
d. glucagon
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What is the role of FSH in males?
a. It stimulates production of sex hormones.
b. It stimulates the breakdown of stored
triglycerides by adipocytes.
c. It stimulates nurse cells, which then
promote the maturation of sperm.
d. It stimulates smooth muscle contraction
in the ductus deferens and prostate
gland.
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Which pancreatic cell type is paired with the
hormone it produces?
a. alpha cells / pancreatic polypeptide
b. F cells / a hormone identical to growth
hormone–inhibiting hormone
c. beta cells / insulin
d. delta cells / glucagon
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Which statement is a function of insulin?
a. It will facilitate the transport and utilization
of glucose by cells.
b. It promotes protein synthesis.
c. It will decrease storage of glucagon in the
cell.
d. Both A and B are functions of insulin.
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Which of the following is an effect of
glucagon?
a. accelerated glucose uptake and utilization
b. breakdown of triglycerides in adipose
tissue
c. stimulation of amino acid absorption and
protein synthesis
d. stimulation of glycogen formation
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Cells in the ___ are insulin independent,
which means that they can ____.
a. brain, kidneys, and digestive tract; absorb
glucose without insulin stimulation
b. liver; produce glucose
c. pancreas and adrenal cortex; produce
insulin
d. adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla;
function without insulin
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Why are diabetics continuously thirsty and why
do they frequently urinate?
a. Less water is reclaimed by osmosis in the
kidneys.
b. Water loss reduces blood volume,
promoting secretion of ADH.
c. Glucose is lost in the urine, which
increases blood volume.
d. A and B are correct.
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Increased amounts of sunlight inhibit the
production of which hormone?
a. prolactin
b. melanocyte-stimulating hormone
c. aldosterone
d. melatonin
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Which of the following would result from the
overproduction of glucocorticoids?
a. Graves disease
b. Addison’s disease
c. diabetes mellitus
d. Cushing’s disease
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Deficiencies of which hormones impede
normal skeletal development?
a. GH, thyroid hormone, PTH, and
reproductive hormones
b. prolactin, FSH, LH, GH
c. thyroid hormone, melatonin, PTH,
calcitonin
d. GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH
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All of the following EXCEPT ___ occur during
the resistance phase of the general
adaptation syndrome.
a. conservation of glucose for neural tissues
b. mobilization of remaining lipid and protein
reserves
c. conservation of Na+ and loss of K+ and H+
d. increased mental alertness and increased
blood pressure
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of
thyroid hormones on major organ systems?
a. increased heart rate and force of
contraction
b. increased sensitivity to sympathetic
stimulation
c. decreased turnover of minerals in bone
d. stimulation of red blood cell formation
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The removal of the parathyroid glands results
in a decrease in the blood concentration of
which important mineral?
a. calcium ions
b. phosphate ions
c. sodium ions
d. potassium ions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Failure of the zona glomerulosa to secrete
aldosterone would result in ________.
a. decreased formation and secretion of
calcitriol
b. enhanced reabsorption of Ca2+ at the
kidneys
c. loss of Na+, K+ retention, and decreased
reabsorption of water at the kidneys
d. none of the above
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Secretion of cortisol by the zona fasciculata
____ in the liver and has a(n) _____ effect on
CRH in the hypothalamus.
a. decreases glucose synthesis; stimulatory
b. increases glucose synthesis; inhibitory
c. increases androgen production;
antagonistic
d. decreases glycogen synthesis; synergistic
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Melatonin is well known for its role in regulating
circadian rhythm. What are two other functions of
melatonin?
a. promotes muscle mass and supports libido
in females
b. testicular feminization and gynecomastia in
males
c. inhibiting reproductive functions and
protecting CNS neurons from free radicals
d. promoting early puberty and increasing
rates of oxygen consumption
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
In what ways are hormonal effects of E and NE
from the adrenal medulla similar to the effects of
glucocorticoids from the zona fasciculata?
a. Hormones from both are under the ultimate
control of the sympathetic nervous system.
b. Both increase cardiac activity and blood
pressure.
c. Both are stimulated by angiotensin II.
d. Both increase blood glucose levels and
promote the breakdown of stored fats into
fatty acids.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.