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Atmiya Spandan Vol.1, iss. 1, 2013 [MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES] Compiled by: The Greatest Indian Mathematicians The Greatest Indian Mathematicians Jignasu N. Chauhan Associate Professor and Head,, Mathematics Department, the leading mathematical center of ancient Classical :[Upto 11th c. AD] Aryabhata–Great mathematician- India. His works represent a significant astronomer who gave accurate calculations knowledge in the for astronomical constants. His contribution 12th century and has includes place value system and zero, been approximation called Indeterminate of π, contribution to mathematical and astronomical Trigonometry, equations, Algebra the greatest mathematician in of mathematics and motions of the solar medieval India. His system, Eclipses, Sidereal periods and main work Siddhanta Shiromani is divided Heliocentrism in Astronomy. His most into four parts called Lilavati, Bijaganita, famous works are the Aryabha iya and the Grahaganita and Goladhyaya. These four Arya-siddhanta.[476-550 AD] sections deal with arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres Brahmagupta–The first mathematician to use zero as a number. He used negative respectively. His work on calculus predates numbers and zero for computing. The He is particularly known in the discovery of modern rule that two negative numbers the principles of differential calculus and its multiplied together equals a positive number application to astronomical problems and first appears in Brahmasputa siddhanta. His computations. He was perhaps the first to major conceive the differential coefficient and contribution are in Newton and Leibniz by half a millennium. algebra, differential calculus. [1114-1185AD] arithmetic, Diophantine analysis, Geometry, Trigonometry and astronomy. [598-670 AD] Mahaviracharya - Jain mathematician who asserted that the square root of a negative Bhaskara I - The first mathematician to write numbers in the Hindu-Arabicdecimal number did not exist.He separated Astrology systemwith a circle forthe zero. Hegave a terminology for concepts such as equilateral, remarkable rational approximation of the and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and sine function in his commentary on semicircle.He was the author of Ganit Saar Aryabhata's work. [600-680 AD] Sangraha. [c. 850] Bhaskara II–(Also Bhaskaracharya) known from as Mathematics. Pavuluri He Mallana - established The first the Telugu Mathematician who composed the first Telugu He was a mathematician, astronomer and the renderingof an original Sanskrit work on head of an astronomical observatory at Ujjain, mathematics. He translated Ganit Saar 6 Atmiya Spandan Vol.1, iss. 1, 2013 [MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES] The Greatest Indian Mathematicians Sangraha into Telugu language. [11th century] discoveries opened the doors to what has today come to be known as Mathematical Varahamihira - Astronomer, Mathematician and astrologer who was one of the nine jewels Analysis. He is considered the founder of (Navaratnas) of the court of legendary ruler Mathematics. [1350–1425 AD] Vikramaditya. He wrote the Kerala School of Astronomy and Pancha- Siddhantika,Brihat-Samhita. He derived many Parameshvara basic results of Trigonometry. [505–587 AD] mathematician, astrologer and astronomer - Hewas a major of the Kerala school of astronomy and Shridhara - He wrote on practical mathematics. Hehad made a series of applications of algebra and separated algebra eclipse observations to verify the accuracy from arithmetic. He was the first to give a of the computational methods then in use. formula for solving quadratic equations. The Based on his eclipse observations, he exposition of Sridhara on zero is the most proposed explicit. [650-850 AD] astronomical parameters which had been in several corrections to the use since the times of Aryabhata. He was Medieval to Mughal period :[13–18 century] also a creative writer on matters relating to astronomy. [1360–1455 AD] Narayana Pandit - Writer of the book Ganita Kaumudi and Hitopadesh. anticipatedmany His work developments in Nilakantha Somayaji - He was a major mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala combinatorics.Narayanan's other major works school of astronomy and mathematics. One contain of his most influential works was the a variety of mathematical developments, including a rule to calculate comprehensive approximate values of square roots, Tantrasamgraha. He had also composed an investigations into the second order elaborate 2 2 astronomical commentary on treatise Aryabhatiya indeterminate equation nq + 1 = p (Pell's called the Aryabhatiya Bhasya where he had equation), solutions of indeterminate higherorder equations, mathematical operations with discussed infinite series expansions of zero, several geometrical rules, and a discussion of magic squares, differential calculus and to the topic of trigonometric functions and problems of algebra and spherical geometry. [1444-1544 AD] cyclic quadrilaterals.[1340–1400 AD] Mahendra Suri – He was the Jain astronomer who wrote the Yantraraja, the Madhava -One of the greatest mathematician-astronomers of the Middle first Indian treatise on the astrolabe. [14th century] Ages. He made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, calculus, Shankara Variyar – He was trigonometry, geometry and algebra. His astronomer-mathematician of the Kerala an 7 Atmiya Spandan Vol.1, iss. 1, 2013 [MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES] school of astronomy and mathematics. He wasthe author of some astronomical treaties The Greatest Indian Mathematicians solar/lunar eclipses and planetary transits across the sun's disk. [1616-1700 AD] and of a small work with solutions and proofs for algebraic equations. [1500–1560 AD] Jagannatha Samrat – Hewas an Indian astronomer and mathematician. He learned Arabic and Persian in order to study Islamic Raghunatha Siromani – He was an Indian philosopher and logician. His analysis of astronomy. His works include Rekhaganita, a relations revealed the true nature of number, Siddhantasarakaustubha, a translation of the inseparable from the abstraction of natural Almagest from Arabic;Siddhanta-samrat and phenomena and his studies of metaphysics Yantraprakara, dealt with the negation or nonexistence of a astronomical observations made by him. complex reality. [1475–1550 AD] [1652–1744 AD] Jyeshtadeva -He was an astronomer- Born in 1800s mathematicianof the Kerala school of 1.Ramchandra (1821–1880) astronomy and mathematics. He is best 2.Ganesh Prasad (1876–1935) known as the author of Yuktibhā ā, which 3.Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920) was considered as the first text book of 4.A. A. Krishnaswami Ayyangar (1892–1953) calculus. [1500– 1610 AD] Born in 1900s translation of Euclid's which Elements; also record 1.T. Vijayaraghavan (1902–1955) Achyuta Pisharati –He was a Sanskrit grammarian, astrologer, astronomer and 2.Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905– mathematician 3.Sarvadaman Chowla (1907–1995) ofMadhava's Kerala 1986) school.He discovered the technique of 'the 4.Lakkoju Sanjeevaraya Sharma(1907–1998) reduction of the ecliptic'. He authored 5.Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar(1910–1995) Sphuta-nirnaya, Raasi-gola-sphuta-neetiand a 6.S. S. Shrikhande (born 1917) four- chapter treatise on lunar and solar 7.Harish-Chandra (1920–1983) eclipses. [1550– 1621 AD] 8.Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao(born 1920) 9.Mathukumalli V. Subbarao (1921–2006) Munishvara – He was a mathematician who produced accurate sine tables. [17th century] 10.P. K. Srinivasan (1924–2005) 11.Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar (born 1930) 12.M. S. Narasimhan (born 1932) Kamalakara– He was an Indian astronomer and mathematician. He wrote 13.C. S. Seshadri (born 1932) Siddhāntatattvaviveka which deals with the 15.Vinod Johri (born 1935) topics of: units of time measurement; motions 16.S. Ramanan (born 1937) of the planets; longitudes of the planets; 17.C. P. Ramanujam (1938–1974) diameters and distances of the planets; the 18.Shakuntala Devi (Born 1939) earth's 19.V. N. Bhat (1938–2009) shadow; the moon's crescent; 14.K. S. S. Nambooripad (born 1935) 8 Atmiya Spandan Vol.1, iss. 1, 2013 [MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES] The Greatest Indian Mathematicians 20.S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan (born 1940) 21.M. S. Raghunathan (born 1941) 22.Gopal Prasad (born 1945) 23.Vijay Kumar Patodi (1945–1976) 24.S. G. Dani (born 1947) 25.Raman Parimala (born 1948) 26.Navin M. Singhi (born 1949) 27.Narendra Karmarkar (born 1957) 28.Manindra Agrawal (born 1966) 29.Madhu Sudan (born 1966) 30.Chandrashekhar Khare (born 1968) 31.Manjul Bhargava (Indian origin American)(1974) 32.Amit Garg (born 1978) 33.Akshay Venkatesh (Indian origin Australian) (born 1981) 34.Kannan Soundararajan (born 1982) 35.Sucharit Sarkar (born 1983) 9