Download ANIMAL CELL Plant CELL

Mitochondria!
!
Golgi!Apparatus!
!!
!
!
!
Chromosomes!
ANIMAL
CELL
Cytoplasm! !
!
Vacuoles!
!
!
!
Cell!
Membrane!
Nucleus!
Nucleus+
The!nucleus!is!like!the!cell’s!“brain”.!It!
helps!control!eating,!movement,!and!
reproduction.!The!nucleus!is!not!always!in!
the!middle!of!the!cell,!although!it!may!
seem!like!it.!Not!all!cells!have!a!nucleus,!
like!prokaryotes.!
Chloroplast+
The!Chloroplast!is!what!makes!the!food!
in!the!cell.!They’re!only!found!in!plant!
cells!and!some!protists.!Every!green!
plant!you!see!is!converting!energy!from!
the!sun!to!sugars.!This!is!called!
!
photosynthesis.!The!byproduct!of!those!
sugars!is!our!oxygen.!
Cell+Wall+
Cell!walls!are!only!found!in!plant!
cells.!They!are!made!of!cellulose.!
Cellulose!is!specialized,!tiny!sugars.!
Cells!walls!help!a!plant!keep!its!
shape,!as!well!as!protect!it.!They!
allow!plants!to!get!really!big,!too.!
There!are!little!holes!in!the!cell!
walls,!to!let!nutrients,!waste,!and!
ions!pass!through.!!
Golgi+Apparatus+
The!Golgi!Apparatus!is!found!in!most!cells.!It’s!
used!for!“packing”.!The!Golgi!apparatus!was!
named!after!an!Italian!biologist!named!
Camillo!Golgi.!It!gathers!simple!molecules!and!
combines!them!to!make!more!complex!
molecules.!It!takes!those!big!molecules!and!
stores!them!for!later.!
Cell+Membrane+
The!cell!membrane!holds!all!the!cell!pieces!
and!fluids!inside!the!cell,!and!keeps!all!the!
gross!stuff!out.!Proteins!and!phospholipids!
make!up!most!of!the!cell!membrane.!Most!
organelles!have!cell!membranes,!and!some!
even!have!two.!!
Mitochondria+
The!Mitochondria!is!considered!the!
“power!house”!of!the!cell.!It!acts!like!your!
digestive!system.!It!takes!your!nutrients,!
breaks!it!down,!and!creates!energy!for!the!
cell.!This!is!called!cellular!respiration.!The!
Mitochondria!is!a!very!small!organelle.!
Some!cells!have!thousands!of!
Mitochondria;!it!just!depends!on!what!the!
cell’s!“job”!is.!!
Cell!Membrane!
Cell!Wall!
Vacuoles+
Vacuoles!are!like!little!storage!bubbles!in!the!
cell.!They’re!found!in!plant!and!animal!cells,!but!
are!much!larger!in!plant!cells.!Vacuoles!store!
food!and!nutrients!needed!for!the!cells!to!
survive.!They!even!store!bad!waste!so!the!rest!
of!the!cell!isn’t!infected!by!it.!!
Chromosomes!
Tuesday, December 11, 2012 2:31:14 PM Central Standard Time
Nucleus!
Cytoplasm!
Chloroplast!!
Ed Van Haute
Mitochondria!
Vacuole!
Plant CELL
By:!Katie!and!Ali!
Cellular Respiration
The process of the cell taking in nutrients and turning it into
energy
Chemical Formula: C6H1206 + 02 ---> CO2 + H20 + Energy
Needs:
Oxygen (O2)
Sugar (glucose)
Makes:
Energy (ATP)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Water (H20)
Facts:
~There are two types of respiration. One of them
includes us breathing in and out. The other can happen
in plants, animals, and people cells.
~Respiration occurs in individual cells.
~Photosynthesis and Respiration are opposites.
~In cellular respiration, the sugars that are made in
photosynthesis are broken down with oxygen to release
energy.
~ Fermentation happens in cellular respiration
~ Fermentation is the process where no additional ATP is
made. The organism only has two ATP molecules to every
glucose molecule.
Where it
occurs:
The Mitochondria
*Known as the
powerhouse of the cell
*Takes in nutrients and
creates energy for the
cell
Animal
Plant
Cell:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!By:!
!!!!!!!!Kathleen!Elofson!and!
!!!!!!!!!!Ryleigh!Thibodeaux
Ed Van Haute
Tuesday, December 11, 2012 3:32:58 PM Central Standard Time
B Y :
H A R S H I
&
A L E X
Cell Cycle
the
Cells go through a cycle of growth, division, and development called the Cell Cycle
I
P
M
A
T
Ed Van Haute
nterphase
Growth 1: Growth and regular cell
functions
Synthesis: Growth and DNA replication
Growth 2: Growth and regular functions
Organelle
Replication
rophase
First Stage of Mitosis:
Copied DNA condenses into chromosomes
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Spindle fibers begin to form
etaphase
Second Stage of Mitosis:
Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
Spindle fibers position chromosomes
naphase
Third Stage of Mitosis:
Sister chromatids separate
Spindle fibers shorten
Cell lengthens
elophase
Last Stage of Mitosis:
Nuclear membrane forms around chromatin
Spindle fibers break down
Two nuclei form
Chromosomes unwind
Cytokinesis Begins
Tuesday, December 11, 2012 3:29:55 PM Central Standard Time
B Y :
H A R S H I
&
A L E X
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
By: Lily Erwin and Anna Claire Saffell
There are 2 kinds of
cells, Eukaryotic and
Prokaryotic:
-Prokaryotic Cells:
*Prokaryotic cells do
not have membranebound structures.
*There is no nucleus.
*They are simple cells.
*They do not have
organelles.
*Usually smaller than
eukaryotic cells
*DNA floats around in
the cell
-Eukaryotic Cells:
*There is a nucleus.
*They are complex
cells.
*They contain
organelles.
*Store their DNA in the
nucleus
*These cells are more
specialized than
prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryote: A
microscopic
single-celled
organism,
including
bacteria and
cyanobacteria;
does not have a
nucleus with a
membrane or
other
specialized
organelles.
Eukaryote: Cell
belonging to
the domain
Eukarya;
has membrane
enclosed
nucleus and
organelles.
This is a picture of a prokaryotic
cell. It does not have a nucleus
and the DNA floats around in the
cell.
FUN FAC
T!
T!
C
A
F
N
U
F
tic
Prokaryo e
hav
y
a
m
s
l
l
e
c
ll, but
a
w
l
l
e
c
a
ade
it is not m .
se
of cellulo
This is a eukaryotic cell. It has
a nucleus and the DNA floats
around in the nucleus.
12357890123578901235789012357890123
Ed Van Haute
Tuesday, December 11, 2012 3:28:49 PM Central Standard Time
The word
eukaryot
e comes
from the
Gre
words eu ek
an
karyon. T d
his
translate
s to true
nucleus.
(eukaryo
tic cells
Lily Erwin and Anna Claire Saffell
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the
process in which plants
make their own “food” in
order to survive. The
Photosynthesi
chemical equation for
Sunlight
photosynthesis is
Carbon Dioxide
H20+CO2=C6H2O6+O2
which is what the chart to
the right shows.
Water
Respiration is the
opposite of
=
photosynthesis. It needs
Sugar
what photosynthesis
makes, and makes what
Oxygen
photosynthesis needs.
(O2)
Photosynthesis is very
important to carry on life
on Earth.
Outer
Membrane
Respiration
Stroma
Chloroplast
Thylakoid
Inner Membrane
Ed Van Haute
Tuesday, December 11, 2012 3:17:38 PM Central Standard Time
Photosynthesis occurs in
chloroplast (refer to the picture to
the left). Chloroplast is found only in
plants. Some organisms such as
algae are not classified as plants, but
they still make their food through
photosynthesis. The main difference
between plants and animals is
chloroplast; plants have chloroplast,
animals do not. Thylakoids store
energy from the sunlight
by chlorophyll in the
thylakoid membrane. the
stroma surrounds the
thylakoid. Chlorophyll is
what makes leaves green
and it helps to capture
solar energy.
By: Madelyn Redmond &
Camille Thorla
!
Blue:!Dominant!
Orange:!
Recessive!
A!P
fam edigre
ily!
e:!A
for! tree!us !
ge
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ana netic! !
lysi
s!
!
tt!
TT!
!
Tt!
Tt!
tt!
Tt!
Tt!
TT!or!Tt!
Genotype is a combination of alleles that an individual has for a certain gene. Phenotype is a
way to describe traits you can see. The genotype helps decide the phenotype. You can tell if
a trait is is dominant or recessive by the phenotype. As long as you know what the
phenotype is supposed to be for a dominant or recessive trait. If you do not know what the
phenotype is supposed to be, you can figure it out by running through the different
possibilities using a punnet square. A Punnet square is a square with four boxes inside that
square. For example you cannot get a child with a dominant phenotype from two recessive
phenotype parents.
!
Ed Van Haute
Wednesday, December 12, 2012 10:26:27 AM Central Standard Time
By:!Samuel!Breaux!and!Noah!Fair!
Exam Review
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
!
As you see, Gloria
the Gorilla, Lily the
Lion, and Tim the
Toucan are all living
and have many
things in common,
while they may
seem very different!
Animals, plants,
fish, and insects
are all living!
As stated in the cell
theory all living
things are made up
of cells.
Characteristics of All Living Things:
• Need energy to carry out life
processes.
-Plants: make their own food Tim eats berries for his energy.
-Animals: eat other animals
and animals
-Fungi: get their energy from
decomposing plants and
animals
• Are composed of one or more cells.
-Stated in the cell theory
• Respond to their environment
-Changes in light, heat,
sound, chemicals, and
touch
Lily and Leo had babies!
• Grow and reproduce
-Reproduction is necessary
for survival.
• Maintain a stable internal
environment (homeostasis)
-Think of trying to stay cool
on a hot summer day!
Key terms:
Cell: the smallest unit of life
Embryo: An animal or plant while it is being developed before birth or hatching.
Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment regardless of what is
happening in the environment
Organism: any living thing
Ed Van Haute
BY: ALYSSA SHARBAUGH AND COURTNEY PATTERSON
Wednesday, December 12, 2012 10:28:05 AM Central Standard Time
Punnett Squares
T t
T
t
TT Tt
Tt
To create a
punnett square,
you combine
one allele from
the top with one
from the left.
tt
Punnett
Square
Punnett Squares can be
used to predict the
genotype and phenotype of
an offspring. They use
dominant and recessive
traits to predict the
offsprings physical and
genetic characteristics.
These traits are combined
to form gene pairs. In a
punnett squares, the
dominant trait is always
going to overpower the
recessive trait. This is not
always the case in real life.
Sometime the recessive
trait will show up instead of
the dominant trait.
Ed Van Haute
Co-dominance-The traits
from both alleles are
expressed equally; Equal
dominance.
Incomplete DominanceTraits from both of the alleles
are combined. This forms a
combined phenotype.
Recessive Trait- An inherited
trait that is rarely expressed
in the organism’s phenotype.
Dominant Trait- An inherited
trait that is commonly
expressed in the organism’s
phenotype.
Heterozygous- A gene pair
with a dominant and
recessive allele.
Homozygous- When the
gene pair has two identical
alleles.
By: Gary, Christopher, and Thomas
Tuesday, December 11, 2012 3:14:15 PM Central Standard Time