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EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Chapter 9
Earth’s Atmosphere
Main Ideas
Lesson 1: Energy from the Sun
The Sun is the major source of energy for Earth
Lesson 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere distributes thermal energy.
Lesson 3: Air Currents
Solar energy is responsible for the continuous movement of air in the troposphere, which
transports and distributes thermal energy around Earth.
Earth’s Atmosphere
So What?!
The Sun’s energy and Earth’s atmosphere are
critical for creating the conditions needed for life
on Earth.
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Energy from the Sun
Chapter 9, Lesson 1
What You’ll Learn:
•
•
•
•
•
Identify some of the differences between layers of the atmosphere.
Describe how solar radiation reaches Earth’s surface.
Understand that solar radiation has its maximum in the range of visible light.
Explain why the sky looks blue.
Identify the Sun as a constant and almost uniform source of energy for Earth.
So What?
The heat from the Sun helps keep Earth’s surface warm .
Vocabulary
Use your book to locate the definitions for the
Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and
Academic Vocabulary words on page 94 of your
Science Notebook.
Earth’s Atmosphere
Identify the main components of the atmosphere and list their percentages.
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere
Nitrogen
Oxygen
78%
21%
Particles, Water
vapor, Argon,
Carbon Dioxide,
Ozone: 1%
Layers in the Atmosphere
Identify the locations of the four layers of the atmosphere. Describe the properties of each
layer.
thermosphere
1. ____________________
mesosphere
______________
No defined upper limit
_________________________
Increasing air temperature with altitude
__________________
stratosphere
2. ____________________
troposphere
______________
3. ____________________
______________
4. ____________________
Holds most of Earth’s air
_________________________
Earth’s Surface __________________
_________________________
__________________
Summarize It!
Summarize the main ideas of the above sections in
two bullet points.
The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum
Define electromagnetic spectrum. List the 3 types of electromagnetic radiation that make up 99% of solar
radiation.
The entire range of wavelength or
frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic spectrum:
Solar radiation consists of:
1.
2.
3.
Ultraviolet light
Visible light
Infrared radiation
The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum
Compare and Contrast infrared and ultraviolet radiation.
*Shorter wavelength
*Longer wavelength
Invisible to
than visible light
than visible light
humans
*Causes skin to tan
*Felt as heat
or burn
Summarize It!
Summarize three main ideas of the above section.
The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum
Model what happens to the Sun’s radiation that strikes Earth’s atmosphere.
Be sure to indicate the
following statistics...
The Sun’s Power
Summarize how the angle at which the sun’s radiation strikes Earth affects temperatures.
When a beam of sunlight reaching Earth is almost perpendicular to the surface,
as occurs near the equator, the beam is concentrated over a small area and
temperatures are warmer. When sunlight strikes Earth’s surface at a low angle,
as occurs at the poles, the radiation is spread out over a larger area.
The Sun’s Power
Create a concept map about the importance of solar energy on Earth.
Solar Energy
Visible Light
Provides Light
Warms Air & Land
@ Earth’s surface
Infrared Radiation
Ultraviolet Light
Powers Water Cycle
Powers
Photosynthesis in
Living Organisms
Forms the Base of
the Food Chain
Summarize It!
Summarize two main ideas of the above section.
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Chapter 9, Lesson 2
What You’ll Learn:
•
•
•
•
Describe how the air is heated from the lower layers of the atmosphere.
Explain why hot air rises and cold air sinks.
Distinguish the properties of the radiation emitted by the Sun from those of the
radiation emitted by Earth.
Identify the effects of greenhouse gases on Earth’s climate.
So What?
Heat energy from the Sun that is distributed through the atmosphere helps keep
Earth warm.
Vocabulary
Use your book to locate the definitions for the
Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and
Academic Vocabulary words on page 98 of your
Science Notebook.
Review: Radiation, Conduction, & Convection
Conduction in Air
Complete the graphic organizer below with the 3 types of heat transfer.
Heat Transfer
Occurs by
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Convection in Air
Summarize why increasing the temperature of air changes its density.
As the temperature of air increases, the kinetic energy of its particles increases
and its molecules move farther apart. As the molecules move farther apart, the
density of the air decreases because fewer molecules occupy the space available.
Convection in Air
Model the way in which convection currents affect air circulation patterns in a room. Use arrows to
show the path of air movement. Label the arrows to indicate warm air and cool air.
WARM AIR
COLD AIR
Summarize It!
Summarize the main ideas of the above sections in
two bullet points.
Radiation Traveling through Space
Compare and Contrast the three forms of heat transfer.
Does it need a medium?
How is energy
transferred?
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
no
yes
yes
As electromagnetic
waves
Through
collisions
between
particles
Through
movements of
air
Radiation Traveling through Space
Create a drawing to show how Earth maintains a radiation balance.
Radiation Traveling through Space
Create a drawing to show how Earth maintains a radiation balance.
Why is it cold at the
poles?
Radiation Traveling through Space
Identify three greenhouse gases. Then explain how scientists think greenhouse gases might play a
role in global warming.
carbon dioxide
water vapor
methane
1. __________________________
2. _______________________
3. ________________
Role in Global Warming:
Greenhouse gases prevent radiation given off by Earth from going out into
space and redirect it toward Earth. Increased amounts of greenhouse gases
are being released into the atmosphere.
Summarize It!
Summarize two main ideas of the above sections.
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Air Currents
Chapter 9, Lesson 3
What You’ll Learn:
•
•
•
•
Describe how solar energy gives rise to winds.
Explain why Earth’s surface is heated unevenly.
Understand how pressure difference affect winds.
Explain how great air currents circle Earth, transporting heat and water
vapor.
So What?
Air currents transport and distribute heat throughout Earth’s atmosphere.
Vocabulary
Use your book to locate the definitions for the
Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and
Academic Vocabulary words on page 101 of your
Science Notebook.
Local Winds & Eddies
Sequence the Earth materials to indicate how rapidly each heats up when it absorbs solar radiation.
Increasing Temperature
More Radiation Absorbed
Less Radiation Absorbed
1. Snow & Ice
3. Water
2. Sand
4. Forest
5. Asphalt & Concrete
Local Winds & Eddies
Create two diagrams to show the movement of air in an updraft and in a downdraft. Show heated,
less dense air and cooler, denser air. Use arrows to show the direction of movement.
cooler, denser air sinks
more dense
less dense
Summarize It!
Summarize two main ideas of the above sections.
Air Currents Around Earth
Model the directions in which winds blow in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres as a result of
the Coriolis effect.
Air Currents Around Earth
Complete the graphic organizer below to identify the cells in the three-cell model of air movement.
Three-Cell Model
Hadley Cell
Polar Cell
From the
From the
_______toward
equator
thepoles
_____ until
poles
______ toward
the ________
equator
____________
30°
latitude
____________
it sinks near
until it sinks near
60° latitude
Ferrel Cell
°
Between 30° and 60°
latitude
Air Currents Around Earth
Define Jet Stream.
Jet Stream: strong,
continuous winds found
in the troposphere.
Summarize It!
Summarize three main ideas of the above sections.