Download AP Chemistry Unit Overview

AP Chemistry Unit Overview
Unit 1: Chemistry Fundamentals
Class Periods (85 minutes): 6
Topics Covered:
 Scientific Method
 Classification of Matter
o pure substances vs mixtures
 law of definite proportions
 law of multiple proportions
 chemical and physical changes
 Nomenclature and formula of binary compounds
 Polyatomic ions and other compounds
 Determination of atomic masses
 Mole concept
 Percent composition
 Empirical and molecular formula
 Writing chemical equations and drawn representations
 Balancing chemical equations
 Applying mole concept to chemical equations
 Determine limiting reagent, theoretical and % yield
Lab: Quantitative Determination of an Empirical Formula
Unit 2: Types of Chemical Equations
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Electrolytes and properties of water
 Molarity and preparation of solutions
 Precipitation reactions and solubility rules
 Acid Base reactions and formation of a salt by titration
 Balancing redox
 Simple redox titrations
Activity: Utilizing an eduweb lab simulation, students have the opportunity to
manipulate various factors that influence a redox titration.
Labs:
 Lab: Percent of H2O2 in Drugstore Hydrogen Peroxide (*GUIDED INQUIRY)
 Lab: Gravimetric Analysis of a Metal Carbonate
Unit 3: AP Style Net Ionic Equations
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Redox and single replacement reactions
 Double replacement reactions
 Combustion reactions
 Addition reactions
 Decomposition reactions
Lab: An Activity Series
Unit 4: Gas Laws
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Measurement of gases
 General gas laws - Boyle, Charles, Combined, and Ideal
 Dalton’s Law of partial pressure
 Molar volume of gases and Stoichiometry
 Graham’s Law
 Kinetic Molecular Theory
 Real Gases and deviation from ideal gas law
 Graham’s Law demonstration
Labs:
 Lab: Molecular Mass of a Volatile Liquid
 Lab: Graham’s Law
Unit 5: Thermochemistry
Class Periods: 5
Topics Covered:
 Law of conservation of energy, work, and internal energy
 Endothermic and exothermic reactions
 Potential energy diagrams
 Calorimetry, heat capacity, and specific heat
 Hess’s law
 Heat of formation/combustion
 Bond energies
Activity: Online Heating and Cooling Curve. Utilizing the eduweb lab simulation
website, students heat an unknown and graph its temperature as it cools,
giving them the ability to calculate the energy released.
Lab: Enthalpy of Reaction and Hess’s Law
Unit 6: Atomic Structure and Periodicity
Class Periods: 5
Topics Covered:
 Electron configuration and the Aufbau principle
 Valence electrons and Lewis dot structures
 Periodic trends
 Table arrangement based on electronic properties
 Properties of light and study of waves
 Atomic spectra of hydrogen and energy levels
 Quantum mechanical model
 Quantum theory and electron orbitals
 Orbital shape and energies
 Spectroscopy
Activity: Periodic Table Dry Lab: Students graph values for atomic radius,
electronegativity, and ionization energy to predict trends and explain the
organization of the periodic table.
Lab: Atomic Spectroscopy
Unit 7: Chemical Bonding
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Lewis Dot structures
 Resonance structures and formal charge
 Bond polarity and dipole moments
 VSEPR models and molecular shape
 Polarity of molecules
 Lattice energies
 Hybridization
 Molecular orbitals and diagrams
Activity: Atomic Theory Dry Lab: Students make drawings of a series of molecules
and from those drawings predict geometry, hybridization, and polarity.
Lab:
 Enthalpy of Fusion of Acetamide
Unit 8: Liquids, Solids, and Solutions
Class Periods: 5
Topics Covered:
 Structure and bonding
o metals, network, and molecular
o ionic, hydrogen, London, van der Waals
 Vapor pressure and changes in state
 Heating and cooling curves
 Composition of solutions
 Colloids and suspensions
 Separation techniques
Labs:
 Liquid Chromatography
 What is the Relationship Between the Concentration of a Solution and the
Amount of Transmitted Light Through the Solution? (*GUIDED INQUIRY)
Unit 9: General Equilibrium
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Characteristics and conditions of chemical equilibrium
 Equilibrium expression derived from rates
 Factors that affect equilibrium
 Le Chatlier’s principle
 The equilibrium constant
 Solving equilibrium problems
Activity: Online Gas Phase Equilibrium Activity - In the online inquiry activity,
students are able to manipulate the environment and produce stresses
that verify the tendency of Le Chatelier’s principle.
Labs:
 Lab: Can We Make the Colors of the Rainbow? (*GUIDED INQUIRY)
 Lab: The Determination of Keq for FeSCN2+
Unit 10: Kinetics
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Rates of reactions
 Factors that effect rates of reactions/ collision theory
 Reaction Pathways
 Rate equation determination
 rate constants
 mechanisms
 method of initial rates
 integrated rate laws
 Activation energy and Boltzmann distribution
Lab: Kinetics of a Reaction
Activity: Online Kinetics Activity-Using a web based simulation, students will study
the elementary steps of a mechanism and how it relates to reaction rate
and collision theory.
Unit 11: Acids and Bases
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Definition and nature of acids and bases
 Kw and the pH scale
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Labs:
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pH of strong and weak acids and bases
Polyprotic acids
pH of salts
Structure of Acids and Bases
Lab: Determination of a Ka of Weak Acids
Lab: How Long Will That Marble Statue Last? (*GUIDED INQUIRY)
Lab: How Much Acid is in Fruit Juice and Soft Drinks? (*GUIDED INQUIRY)
Unit 12: Buffers, Ksp, and Titrations
Class Periods: 5
Topics Covered:
 Characteristics and capacity of buffers
 Titrations and pH curves
 Choosing Acid Base Indicators
 pH and solubility
 Ksp Calculations and Solubility Product
Labs:
 Lab: Selecting Indicators for Acid-Base Titrations
 Lab: To What Extent Do Common Household Products Have Buffering
Activity? (*GUIDED INQUIRY)
Unit 13: Thermodynamics
Class Periods: 3
Topics Covered:
 Laws of thermodynamics
 Spontaneous process and entropy
 Spontaneity, enthalpy, and free energy
 Free energy
 Free energy and equilibrium
 Rate and Spontaneity
Lab: Determination of the Solubility Product of an Ionic Compound
Unit 14: Electrochemistry
Class Periods: 4
Topics Covered:
 Balancing redox equations
 Electrochemical cells and voltage
 The Nernst equation
 Spontaneous and non-spontaneous equations
 Chemical applications
Lab: Electrochemical Cells
AP Review
Class Periods: 3
Topics Covered:
 Review of ALL topics.
 Three AP Style Review Exams