Download Chapter 11 Section 1

12/11/12
Chapter 11
Byzantine , Russian & Turks Interact
Byzantine Empire
1
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Chapter 11 Section 1
n Growth
of Byzantine Empire
n Justinian
527-565 #96 (483-565)
Chapter 11 Section 1
n Growth
of Byzantine Empire
n Justinian
527-565 #96 (483-565)
n Preserving
Roman Law
n Justinian Code = basis for Byzantine law
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Chapter 11 Section 1
n Growth
of Byzantine Empire
n Justinian
527-565 #96 (483-565)
n Preserving
Roman Law
n Justinian Code = basis for Byzantine law
n 1.
Code = useful Roman laws
Chapter 11 Section 1
n Growth
of Byzantine Empire
n Justinian
527-565 #96 (483-565)
n Preserving
Roman Law
n Justinian Code = basis for Byzantine law
n 1.
n 2.
Code = useful Roman laws
Digest = summarized Roman legal opinions
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12/11/12
Chapter 11 Section 1
n Growth
of Byzantine Empire
n Justinian
527-565 #96 (483-565)
n Preserving
Roman Law
n Justinian Code = basis for Byzantine law
n 1.
Code = useful Roman laws
n 2. Digest = summarized Roman legal opinions
n 3. Institutes = guide for law students
Chapter 11 Section 1
n Growth
of Byzantine Empire
n Justinian
527-565 #96 (483-565)
n Preserving
Roman Law
n Justinian Code = basis for Byzantine law
n 1.
Code = useful Roman laws
Digest = summarized Roman legal opinions
n 3. Institutes = guide for law students
n 4. Novellae = laws passed after 534 AD
n 2.
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Chapter 11 Section 1
n Growth
of Byzantine Empire
n Justinian
527-565 #96 (483-565)
n Preserving
Roman Law
n Justinian Code = basis for Byzantine law
n 1.
Code = useful Roman laws
n 2. Digest = summarized Roman legal opinions
n 3. Institutes = guide for law students
n 4. Novellae = laws passed after 534 AD
n Byzantine
law preserved Roman idea
that PEOPLE should be ruled by laws
rather then by the whims of a leader
Chapter 11 Section 1
n Theodora
- Justinian s wife
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Chapter 11 Section 1
n Theodora
n One
- Justinian s wife
of his key advisors
Chapter 11 Section 1
n Theodora
- Justinian s wife
n One
of his key advisors
n Status of women improved
n Altered
divorce laws to benefit women
n Dowry = money or goods the wife brought
into a marriage.
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Chapter 11 Section 1
n Theodora
- Justinian s wife
n One
of his key advisors
n Status of women improved
n Altered
divorce laws to benefit women
n Dowry = money or goods the wife brought
into a marriage.
n Christian
women
n  Allowed to own property equal to the
value of their dowry.
Nika Revolt
¤ 532 AD (fairly early in Justinians rule)
£ Previous riot had been put down by
government by force and fans in the
Hippodrome demanded the overthrow
of Justinian.
£ Justinian wanted to flee
£ Theodora convinced him to stay
¤ Fierce battle - Justinians troops defeated
the rebels
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Nika Revolt
¤ 532 AD (fairly early in Justinians rule)
£ Justinian wanted to flee
£ Theodora convinced him to stay
¤ Fierce battle - Justinians troops defeated
the rebels
£ Belisarius was general of the army-
crushed the Nika Revolt. 30,000 rebels
slaughtered.
¤ Won back lands from the Germanic tribes
£ North Africa and Italy
£ Rome changes hands 6 times pg 301
£ Empire will reach greatest size
Nika Revolt
¤ 532 AD (fairly early in Justinians rule)
¤ Empire will reach greatest size
£ 526 gold, 527-565 Red
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Strength of Empire
¤ Powerful Emperors - lucky
Strength of Empire
¤ Powerful Emperors - lucky
¤ Central Government- skilled diplomats
rule, well paid, clever (marriage with
foreign powers = Alliances)
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Strength of Empire
¤ Powerful Emperors - lucky
¤ Central Government- skilled diplomats
rule,
¤ Effective military force - trained, well
designed army and navy - protect
frontier.
£ Greek fire- flammable liquid
Strength of Empire
¤  Powerful Emperors - lucky
¤  Central Government- skilled diplomats
rule
¤  Effective force - trained, well designed
army and navy
£  Greek fire- flammable liquid
¤  Wealth
£  Control trade routes
¤ Constantinople “Grand City” Was called Byzantium
before Constantine renamed it Constantinople.
£  (central trade route, Europe meets Asia= tax)
¤ East is richest part of Roman Empire
£  Imperial tax = huge revenues
¤ West taxed people to death (revolt)
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Christian Church
l 
Splits Church
Roman Catholic in West
l  Eastern Orthodox in East
l 
Christian Church
l 
Splits Church
Roman Catholic in West
l  Eastern Orthodox in East
l 
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Issues with the Church
l 
1. Pope - Bishop of Rome
l  Rome
is center for the church, therefore Rome
becomes Pope. (in the eyes of the West)
East, the Patriarch of Constantinople was
the most powerful church leader.
l  Differences between them create two
churches.
l 
Christian Church
l 
2. Icons = holy pictures of Jesus, Mary,
Saints- symbolic
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Christian Church
l 
Icons = holy pictures of Jesus, Mary,
Saints- symbolic
l 
Iconoclast- (east) believed that having icons
were the same as worshipping idols
l  726
Leo III ordered the destruction of icons
Christian Church
l 
Icons = holy pictures of Jesus, Mary,
Saints- symbolic
l 
Iconoclast- believed that having icons were
the same as worshipping idols (east)
l  726
l 
Leo III ordered the destruction of icons
People not happy, many can t read and learned
about church from Icons. The symbols helped them
understand Christianity.
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Christian Church
l 
Icons = holy pictures of Jesus, Mary,
Saints- symbolic
l 
Iconoclast- believed that having icons were
the same as worshipping idols (east)
l  726
l 
Leo III ordered the destruction of icons
Heresy - opinion that conflicts with church
l  Pope
in Rome rules against Iconoclast.
Veneration of Icons
Christian Church
l 
Icons = holy pictures of Jesus, Mary,
Saints- symbolic
l 
Iconoclast- believed that having icons were
the same as worshipping idols (east)
l  726
Leo III ordered the destruction of icons
l 
Heresy - opinion that conflicts with church
l 
Excommunication = not a member of
church any more, (kicked out)
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Christian Church
Byzantine Culture
– Constantinople is center of great
civilization
• Center of trade, so people are constantly
passing through and exchanging ideas.
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Byzantine Culture
– Constantinople is center of great
civilization
• Center of trade, so people are constantly
passing through and exchanging ideas.
– Cyril & Methodius
• Christian missionaries
–  Teach bible to Slavs in central and eastern
Europe.
–  Create alphabet - Cyrillic alphabet used today
Byzantine Culture
–  Constantinople is center of great civilization
•  Center of trade, so people are constantly passing
through and exchanging ideas.
–  Cyril & Methodius
•  Christian missionaries
–  Teach bible to Slavs in central and eastern Europe.
–  Create alphabet - Cyrillic alphabet used today
–  Art
–  Religion is main subject
»  Mosaic- picture made from small pieces of
enamel glass or stone.
»  Father found in the dome
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Byzantine Culture
– Art
–  Religion is main subject
»  Mosaic- picture made from small pieces of
enamel glass or stone.
»  Father found in the dome
– Hagia Sophia
–  Church, holy wisdom
–  Built 532-537 AD
–  Architectural & engineering wonder.
–  First to solve problem of a round dome over a
rectangular building.
Byzantine Culture
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Decline of the Empire
Ø Plague Hits.
By 542 10,000 people were
dying every day, kept popping up until
700. Destroyed a huge percentage of the
Byzantine population.
Ø By 650 AD Byzantines had lost many lands
Ø East Persian
Ø Lombards (Germany) in Italy
Ø Slavs (Balkan Peninsula)
Ø Muslims, Syria, Palestine & North Africa
Decline of the Empire
Ø By 650 AD Byzantines had lost many lands
Ø East Persian
Ø Lombards (Germany) in Italy
Ø Slavs (Balkan Peninsula
Ø Muslims, Syria, Palestine & North Africa
Ø 1000 s Turk - Asia captured
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Decline of the Empire
Ø  By 650 Ad Byzantines had lost many lands
Ø  East Persian
Ø  Lombards (Germany) in Italy
Ø  Slavs (Balkan Peninsula
Ø  Muslims, Syria, Palestine & North Africa
Ø  1000 s Turk - Asia captured
Ø  1200 s Constantinople taken by West and
recaptured back
Ø  Empire last another 200 years but…..
Decline of the Empire
Ø Empire last another 200 years but…..
Ø Ottoman Turks 1453 capture
Constantinople.
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