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Civil War Study Guide In the years following the American Revolution, economic differences between the northern and southern states grew. Over time, the two parts of the country became unable to resolve their differences, and the South eventually seceded from the United States. The Civil War, fought between the North and South, began in 1861 and ended in 1865. After four long years that tore apart the country, the North won the war. Differences Between Northern and Southern States: Life in the North before the Civil War was quite different from life in the South. Not only were there economic differences between the two areas of the country, there were also different opinions about slavery. Northern States Southern States • the economy was more industrialized (factories and industries) • the economy was agricultural (farms and plantations) and relied more on slave labor • wanted the new states created out of the western territories to be “free states” • wanted the new states created out of the western territories to be “slave states” Events that Led to Secession and War: A number of events occurred that also contributed to the rising tensions and differences between the North and South. Eventually, a civil war would begin between the two regions of the country. • Nat Turner led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia. • Abolitionists campaigned to end slavery. • Harriet Tubman supported a secret route that escaped enslaved African Americans took; it became known as the “Underground Railroad.” • John Brown led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. He was trying to start a slave rebellion. He was captured and hanged. the Union the Confederacy © Alyssa Teaches After Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860, some southern states seceded, or broke away, from the Union and formed the “Confederate States of America” (also called “the Confederacy”). Later, Virginia seceded and joined them. Not long after the secession of these states, the Civil War began. West Virginia The Creation of West Virginia: Not all Virginians agreed with the decision to secede from the country. Conflict grew between the eastern counties of Virginia that relied on slavery and the western counties that did not favor slavery. Many disagreements between the two regions led to the formation of a new state: West Virginia. Virginia Important People Before and During the Civil War: Many people played an important role in the events leading up to, and during, the Civil War. A number of them were Virginians. Abraham Lincoln • became the President of the United States in 1860 Nat Turner • led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia Harriet Tubman • supported a secret route that escaped enslaved African Americans took • this route became known as the “Underground Railroad” John Brown • led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia • was trying to start a slave rebellion • was captured and hanged General Ulysses S. Grant • commander of the Union Army General Robert E. Lee • commander of the Army of Northern Virginia (part of the Confederate Army) © Alyssa Teaches General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • Confederate general who earned the name “Stonewall” at the first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) Major Civil War Battles Fought in Virginia: Virginia played a significant role in the Civil War. It was a major battleground between the Union and Confederate troops. Important battles include the first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas), Fredericksburg, the Monitor vs. the Merrimack, the burning of Richmond, and Appomattox. First Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas), Virginia • the first major clash of the Civil War • Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson played a major role • Confederate victory Fredericksburg, Virginia • General Robert E. Lee, Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, defeated Union troops The Monitor vs. the Merrimack, Virginia • President Lincoln used the Union navy to blockade, or block, southern ports • an important sea battle took place in Virginia waters near Norfolk and Hampton • two ironclad ships fought - the Monitor (Union) vs. the Merrimack (Confederacy) • the battle was fought to a draw (a tie) Richmond, Virginia • Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy • the city fell to General Ulysses S. Grant and was burned near the end of the war Appomattox Court House, Virginia • Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union General Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865, ending the Civil War Various Roles of Virginians During the Civil War: Different groups of Virginians had different roles during the war. White Virginians • most white Virginians supported the Confederacy Free African Americans • some free African Americans felt their limited rights could best be protected by supporting the Confederacy American Indians • most American Indians did not take sides during the Civil War © Alyssa Teaches Enslaved African Americans • the Confederacy relied on enslaved African Americans to raise crops and provide labor for the Confederate Army • many enslaved African Americans fled to the Union Army as it approached and some fought for the Union Name: _______________________________________ Civil War Review 1. Match the vocabulary terms with their definitions. ______ abolitionist A. a ship made of iron ______ agricultural B. related to industries and business ______ blockade C. large areas of land ______ draw D. to withdraw or leave ______ industrialized E. a barrier of ships that prevents people/ supplies from entering or leaving an area ______ ironclad F. the act of resisting authority ______ rebellion G. someone who campaigned to end slavery ______ secede H. a tie ______ territories I. related to agriculture and farming 2. After the American Revolution, economic differences grew between the northern and southern states. Look at the chart below. Put an “X” in the appropriate column to show which phrases describe the northern and southern states before the Civil War. Differences Northern States Southern States agricultural economy industrialized economy did not support slavery relied on slave labor (supported slavery) wanted new states created in the western territories to be “free states” © Alyssa Teaches wanted new states created in the western territories to be “slave states” 3. In addition to the economic differences between the North and South, there were a number of events that led to secession and war. Below, complete the cause and effect charts about two of these events. Cause Effect Cause Eastern and Western counties of Virginia disagreed over the issue of slavery. Effect Some Southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy. 4. When the Civil War began, what did the North became known as? Where was its capital located? 5. What did the South become known as? Where was its capital located? 6. Which side was Virginia part of? __________________________________________ 7. Match the names in the box to the descriptions below. A. John Brown B. Ulysses S. Grant C. “Stonewall” Jackson D. Robert E. Lee E. Harriet Tubman F. Nat Turner ________ Led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia because he was trying to start a slave rebellion ________ Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia who defeated Union troops at the Battle of Fredericksburg ________ Led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia ________ Supported the secret route known as the “Underground Railroad,” which enslaved African Americans took to escape to freedom ________ Confederate general who played a major role in the first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) © Alyssa Teaches ________ General of the Union Army 8. Different groups of Virginians took on various roles during the Civil War. Below, match each group of Virginians to its role during the war. _______ White Virginians A. Felt their limited rights could best be protected by supporting the Confederacy _______ Enslaved African Americans B. Did not take sides _______ Free African Americans _______ American Indians C. Supported the Confederacy D. Raised crops and provided labor for the Confederate Army; many fled to the Union Army as it came closer to Virginia, and some fought for the Union 9. Many Civil War battles were fought in Virginia. Complete the chart below about some of the major battles that took place. Name of the Battle/Event First Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of the Monitor vs. the Merrimack Result The ____________________________ Army won this first major clash of the war. The ____________________________ Army won this battle. This sea battle took place in Virginia waters near Norfolk and Hampton. It ended in a __________. The Confederate capital fell to General The Burning of Richmond __________________________________ and was burned near the end of the war. Appomattox Court House, Virginia Confederate General Robert E. Lee ________________________ his army. 11. Why did Virginia play a significant role in the Civil War? © Alyssa Teaches 10. How did President Lincoln use the Union Navy during the Civil War? ANSWER KEY Name: _______________________________________ Civil War Review 1. Match the vocabulary terms with their definitions. ______ G abolitionist A. a ship made of iron ______ I agricultural B. related to industries and business ______ E blockade C. large areas of land ______ H draw D. to withdraw or leave ______ B industrialized E. a barrier of ships that prevents people/ supplies from entering or leaving an area ______ A ironclad F. the act of resisting authority F rebellion ______ G. someone who campaigned to end slavery ______ D secede H. a tie ______ C territories I. related to agriculture and farming 2. After the American Revolution, economic differences grew between the northern and southern states. Look at the chart below. Put an “X” in the appropriate column to show which phrases describe the northern and southern states before the Civil War. Northern States X agricultural economy industrialized economy did not support slavery Southern States X X relied on slave labor (supported slavery) X wanted new states created in the western territories to be “slave states” X wanted new states created in the western territories to be “free states” X © Alyssa Teaches Differences 3. In addition to the economic differences between the North and South, there were a number of events that led to secession and war. Below, complete the cause and effect charts about two of these events. Cause Effect Cause Eastern and Western counties of Virginia disagreed over the issue of slavery. West Virginia was created. Lincoln was elected President in 1860 and tensions between the North and South were high. Effect Some Southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy. 4. When the Civil War began, what did the North became known as? Where was its capital located? The North became known as the Union. The capital of the Union was Washington, DC. 5. What did the South become known as? Where was its capital located? The South became known as the Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy. The capital of the Confederacy was Richmond, Virginia. the Confederacy 6. Which side was Virginia part of? __________________________________________ 7. Match the names in the box to the descriptions below. A. John Brown B. Ulysses S. Grant C. “Stonewall” Jackson D. Robert E. Lee E. Harriet Tubman F. Nat Turner ________ A Led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia because he was trying to start a slave rebellion ________ Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia who defeated Union troops at D the Battle of Fredericksburg ________ F Led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia ________ E Supported the secret route known as the “Underground Railroad,” which enslaved African Americans took to escape to freedom C ________ Confederate general who played a major role in the first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) © Alyssa Teaches B ________ General of the Union Army 8. Different groups of Virginians took on various roles during the Civil War. Below, match each group of Virginians to its role during the war. C _______ White Virginians _______ D Enslaved African Americans A _______ Free African Americans _______ B American Indians A. Felt their limited rights could best be protected by supporting the Confederacy B. Did not take sides C. Supported the Confederacy D. Raised crops and provided labor for the Confederate Army; many fled to the Union Army as it came closer to Virginia, and some fought for the Union 9. Many Civil War battles were fought in Virginia. Complete the chart below about some of the major battles that took place. Name of the Battle/Event First Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of the Monitor vs. the Merrimack Result Confederate The ____________________________ Army won this first major clash of the war. The ____________________________ Confederate Army won this battle. This sea battle took place in Virginia waters near Norfolk and Hampton. It ended in a draw __________. The Confederate capital fell to General The Burning of Richmond Ulysses. S. Grant __________________________________ and was burned near the end of the war. Appomattox Court House, Virginia Confederate General Robert E. Lee ________________________ surrendered his army. President Lincoln used the Union Navy to blockade Southern ports during the Civil War. 11. Why did Virginia play a significant role in the Civil War? Virginia became a major battleground during the Civil War. Many battles were fought in Virginia because of its location (close to both the Union and Confederate capitals). © Alyssa Teaches 10. How did President Lincoln use the Union Navy during the Civil War? Thank you! I hope that you find this study guide and review worksheet to be a useful resource in your classroom! After you use this resource, I’d love to hear your feedback. When you leave feedback on a purchase, you earn TpT credits, which you can use to purchase other products on the TpT website! You might also like these related resources! Terms of Use: This resource is for single classroom use only. You may not redistribute, sell, or post this resource to other individuals or to any digital space where others may gain access (i.e., the internet and district servers). If a colleague is interested in using any of these pages, please refer him/her to my TpT store. Additional licenses are available at half price! Credits: Connect with me: United States Map by Julio Reis Appomattox Court House Surrender by Frank Kovalchek Happy Teaching! Alyssa Teaches © 2014