Download Civil War Study Guide and Review WS

Civil War Study Guide
In the years following the American Revolution, economic differences between the northern
and southern states grew. Over time, the two parts of the country became unable to resolve
their differences, and the South eventually seceded from the United States. The Civil War,
fought between the North and South, began in 1861 and ended in 1865. After four long years
that tore apart the country, the North won the war.
Differences Between Northern and Southern States:
Life in the North before the Civil War was quite different from life in the South. Not only were
there economic differences between the two areas of the country, there were also different
opinions about slavery.
Northern States
Southern States
• the economy was more industrialized
(factories and industries)
• the economy was agricultural (farms
and plantations) and relied more on
slave labor
• wanted the new states created out of
the western territories to be “free
states”
• wanted the new states created out of
the western territories to be “slave
states”
Events that Led to Secession and War:
A number of events occurred that also contributed to the rising tensions and differences
between the North and South. Eventually, a civil war would begin between the two regions of
the country.
• Nat Turner led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia.
• Abolitionists campaigned to end slavery.
• Harriet Tubman supported a secret route that escaped enslaved African Americans
took; it became known as the “Underground Railroad.”
• John Brown led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. He was
trying to start a slave rebellion. He was captured and hanged.
the Union
the Confederacy
© Alyssa Teaches
After Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States
in 1860, some southern states seceded, or broke away, from the
Union and formed the “Confederate States of America” (also
called “the Confederacy”). Later, Virginia seceded and joined them.
Not long after the secession of these states, the Civil War began.
West Virginia
The Creation of West Virginia:
Not all Virginians agreed with the decision to secede from the
country. Conflict grew between the eastern counties of Virginia
that relied on slavery and the western counties that did not favor
slavery. Many disagreements between the two regions led to the
formation of a new state: West Virginia.
Virginia
Important People Before and During the Civil War:
Many people played an important role in the events leading up to, and during, the Civil War.
A number of them were Virginians.
Abraham Lincoln
• became the President of the United States in 1860
Nat Turner
• led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia
Harriet Tubman
• supported a secret route that escaped enslaved African Americans took
• this route became known as the “Underground Railroad”
John Brown
• led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia
• was trying to start a slave rebellion
• was captured and hanged
General Ulysses S. Grant
• commander of the Union Army
General Robert E. Lee
• commander of the Army of Northern Virginia (part of the Confederate Army)
© Alyssa Teaches
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
• Confederate general who earned the name “Stonewall” at the first Battle of
Bull Run (or Manassas)
Major Civil War Battles Fought in Virginia:
Virginia played a significant role in the Civil War. It was a major battleground between the
Union and Confederate troops. Important battles include the first Battle of Bull Run (or
Manassas), Fredericksburg, the Monitor vs. the Merrimack, the burning
of Richmond, and Appomattox.
First Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas), Virginia
• the first major clash of the Civil War
• Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson played a major role
• Confederate victory
Fredericksburg, Virginia
• General Robert E. Lee, Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, defeated Union
troops
The Monitor vs. the Merrimack, Virginia
• President Lincoln used the Union navy to blockade, or block, southern ports
• an important sea battle took place in Virginia waters near Norfolk and Hampton
• two ironclad ships fought - the Monitor (Union) vs. the Merrimack (Confederacy)
• the battle was fought to a draw (a tie)
Richmond, Virginia
• Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy
• the city fell to General Ulysses S. Grant and was burned near the end of the war
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to
Union General Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865, ending the Civil War
Various Roles of Virginians During the Civil War:
Different groups of Virginians had different roles during the war.
White Virginians
• most white Virginians supported the Confederacy
Free African Americans
• some free African Americans felt their limited rights could best be protected by
supporting the Confederacy
American Indians
• most American Indians did not take sides during the Civil War
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Enslaved African Americans
• the Confederacy relied on enslaved African Americans to raise crops and provide labor
for the Confederate Army
• many enslaved African Americans fled to the Union Army as it approached and some
fought for the Union
Name: _______________________________________
Civil War Review
1. Match the vocabulary terms with their definitions.
______ abolitionist
A. a ship made of iron
______ agricultural
B. related to industries and business
______ blockade
C. large areas of land
______ draw
D. to withdraw or leave
______ industrialized
E. a barrier of ships that prevents people/
supplies from entering or leaving an area
______ ironclad
F. the act of resisting authority
______ rebellion
G. someone who campaigned to end slavery
______ secede
H. a tie
______ territories
I. related to agriculture and farming
2. After the American Revolution, economic differences grew between the northern and
southern states. Look at the chart below. Put an “X” in the appropriate column to
show which phrases describe the northern and southern states before the Civil War.
Differences
Northern States
Southern States
agricultural economy
industrialized economy
did not support slavery
relied on slave labor
(supported slavery)
wanted new states
created in the western
territories to be “free
states”
© Alyssa Teaches
wanted new states
created in the western
territories to be “slave
states”
3. In addition to the economic differences between the North and South, there were a
number of events that led to secession and war. Below, complete the cause and effect
charts about two of these events.
Cause
Effect
Cause
Eastern and
Western counties
of Virginia
disagreed over
the issue of
slavery.
Effect
Some Southern
states seceded
from the Union
and formed the
Confederacy.
4. When the Civil War began, what did the North became known as? Where was its
capital located?
5. What did the South become known as? Where was its capital located?
6. Which side was Virginia part of? __________________________________________
7. Match the names in the box to the descriptions below.
A. John Brown
B. Ulysses S. Grant
C. “Stonewall” Jackson
D. Robert E. Lee
E. Harriet Tubman
F. Nat Turner
________ Led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia because
he was trying to start a slave rebellion
________ Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia who defeated Union troops at
the Battle of Fredericksburg
________ Led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia
________ Supported the secret route known as the “Underground Railroad,” which
enslaved African Americans took to escape to freedom
________ Confederate general who played a major role in the first Battle of Bull Run
(or Manassas)
© Alyssa Teaches
________ General of the Union Army
8. Different groups of Virginians took on various roles during the Civil War. Below, match
each group of Virginians to its role during the war.
_______ White Virginians
A. Felt their limited rights could best be
protected by supporting the
Confederacy
_______ Enslaved African Americans
B. Did not take sides
_______ Free African Americans
_______ American Indians
C. Supported the Confederacy
D. Raised crops and provided labor for
the Confederate Army; many fled to
the Union Army as it came closer to
Virginia, and some fought for the
Union
9. Many Civil War battles were fought in Virginia. Complete the chart below about some
of the major battles that took place.
Name of the Battle/Event
First Battle of Bull Run (or
Manassas)
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of the Monitor vs. the Merrimack
Result
The ____________________________
Army won this first major clash of the war.
The ____________________________
Army won this battle.
This sea battle took place in Virginia waters
near Norfolk and Hampton. It ended in a
__________.
The Confederate capital fell to General
The Burning of Richmond
__________________________________
and was burned near the end of the war.
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
________________________ his army.
11. Why did Virginia play a significant role in the Civil War?
© Alyssa Teaches
10. How did President Lincoln use the Union Navy during the Civil War?
ANSWER KEY
Name: _______________________________________
Civil War Review
1. Match the vocabulary terms with their definitions.
______
G abolitionist
A. a ship made of iron
______
I agricultural
B. related to industries and business
______
E blockade
C. large areas of land
______
H draw
D. to withdraw or leave
______
B industrialized
E. a barrier of ships that prevents people/
supplies from entering or leaving an area
______
A ironclad
F. the act of resisting authority
F rebellion
______
G. someone who campaigned to end slavery
______
D secede
H. a tie
______
C territories
I. related to agriculture and farming
2. After the American Revolution, economic differences grew between the northern and
southern states. Look at the chart below. Put an “X” in the appropriate column to
show which phrases describe the northern and southern states before the Civil War.
Northern States
X
agricultural economy
industrialized economy
did not support slavery
Southern States
X
X
relied on slave labor
(supported slavery)
X
wanted new states
created in the western
territories to be “slave
states”
X
wanted new states
created in the western
territories to be “free
states”
X
© Alyssa Teaches
Differences
3. In addition to the economic differences between the North and South, there were a
number of events that led to secession and war. Below, complete the cause and effect
charts about two of these events.
Cause
Effect
Cause
Eastern and
Western counties
of Virginia
disagreed over
the issue of
slavery.
West Virginia
was created.
Lincoln was
elected President
in 1860 and
tensions between
the North and
South were high.
Effect
Some Southern
states seceded
from the Union
and formed the
Confederacy.
4. When the Civil War began, what did the North became known as? Where was its
capital located?
The North became known as the Union. The capital of the Union was
Washington, DC.
5. What did the South become known as? Where was its capital located?
The South became known as the Confederate States of America, or
the Confederacy. The capital of the Confederacy was Richmond,
Virginia.
the Confederacy
6. Which side was Virginia part of? __________________________________________
7. Match the names in the box to the descriptions below.
A. John Brown
B. Ulysses S. Grant
C. “Stonewall” Jackson
D. Robert E. Lee
E. Harriet Tubman
F. Nat Turner
________
A
Led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia because
he was trying to start a slave rebellion
________
Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia who defeated Union troops at
D
the Battle of Fredericksburg
________
F
Led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia
________
E
Supported the secret route known as the “Underground Railroad,” which
enslaved African Americans took to escape to freedom
C
________
Confederate general who played a major role in the first Battle of Bull Run
(or Manassas)
© Alyssa Teaches
B
________
General of the Union Army
8. Different groups of Virginians took on various roles during the Civil War. Below, match
each group of Virginians to its role during the war.
C
_______
White Virginians
_______
D
Enslaved African Americans
A
_______
Free African Americans
_______
B American Indians
A. Felt their limited rights could best be
protected by supporting the
Confederacy
B. Did not take sides
C. Supported the Confederacy
D. Raised crops and provided labor for
the Confederate Army; many fled to
the Union Army as it came closer to
Virginia, and some fought for the
Union
9. Many Civil War battles were fought in Virginia. Complete the chart below about some
of the major battles that took place.
Name of the Battle/Event
First Battle of Bull Run (or
Manassas)
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of the Monitor vs. the Merrimack
Result
Confederate
The ____________________________
Army won this first major clash of the war.
The ____________________________
Confederate
Army won this battle.
This sea battle took place in Virginia waters
near Norfolk and Hampton. It ended in a
draw
__________.
The Confederate capital fell to General
The Burning of Richmond
Ulysses. S. Grant
__________________________________
and was burned near the end of the war.
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
________________________
surrendered
his army.
President Lincoln used the Union Navy to blockade Southern ports
during the Civil War.
11. Why did Virginia play a significant role in the Civil War?
Virginia became a major battleground during the Civil War. Many
battles were fought in Virginia because of its location (close to both
the Union and Confederate capitals).
© Alyssa Teaches
10. How did President Lincoln use the Union Navy during the Civil War?
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