Download Keeping our muscles and our systems healthy you need to exercise

Keeping our muscles and our systems
healthy you need to exercise. When
you exercise we use the Respiratory,
circulatory and the Muscular system.
The respiratory system
When you exercise the first system is
involved is exercise. This system involves
oxygen, blood and lungs.
Breathing
The first process in the respiratory system is
breathing. Breathing is when you breathe in
(inhale) and when you breathe out (exhale).
We breathe in oxygen and we breathe out
carbon dioxide. Breathing is vital if you
don’t breathe you will pass out. Your body
needs a never ending supply of oxygen.
Every day we automatically inhale oxygen
and exhale carbon dioxide.
When you inhale and exhale the air goes up
and down the trachea. The trachea is
connected from the nose and the mouth to
the lung. The trachea is also called a win d
pipe. While you are breathing there are
microscopic hairs called cilia, cilia catches
all the dirt and dust.
Breathing could not happen without the
diaphragm, it is located under the lungs. The
diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle that
makes us breathe. This muscle contracts
when you breathe in, then it relaxes when
you breathe out.
Lungs
The next part in the respiratory system is the
lungs. The lungs are located in the chest and
behind the ribcage and the lungs rest on the
diaphragm. The lungs are pink and squishy.
The left lung is smaller than the other is
because the left lung makes room for the
heart.
The first thing that leads to the lungs is the
bronchus. The bronchi are two tubes that go
into each lung to get air to the lungs. They
are found at the bottom of the trachea. The
plural of bronchus is bronchi.
The next parts in the lungs are the
bronchioles. The bronchioles are connected
to the bronchus. The bronchioles are little
tubes that are size of a little hair and they get
smaller and smaller. Also, there are 30, 3000
bronchioles in each lungs.
The third parts in the lungs are the alveoli.
There is a clump at the each end of the
bronchioles. The alveoli are teeny tiny air
sacs that fill up with air when you breathe.
The alveolus allows the oxygen to pass into
the blood. They are surrounded by tiny
blood cells called capillaries.
Blood
There are blood vessels that
carry blood and they are called
capillaries. Capillaries are
small enough for the blood cells
to be in single file. Oxygen is transferred to
your blood cells. Carbon dioxide is
transferred into the lungs to breathe out.
Exercise
When you exercise your respiratory system
accelerates. Your body needs more oxygen
when you exercise. When you exercise, your
heart beats really fast and you breathe faster
and deeper. You use 3 litres or more of air so
times or more a minute.
The circulatory system
Another system that is important in exercise
is the circulatory system. This system
includes the heart, 3circulations, blood
vessels, blood and the kidneys.
Heart
The heart is an important muscle in this
system. The heart is located in the chest and
behind the ribcage so it can protect it from
any damage does. The reason why the heart is
in your chest is because it is near all of your
important organs and all your organs need a
constant supply of oxygen. The heart is
located behind the left lung, that’s why the left
lung is smaller than the right lung.
Appearance
Your heart is the size of its owner’s clenched
fist. The heart is a hollow bag and is also a
muscle. The heart is the colour of red. The
scientific name for the heart is the cardiac
muscle, or the myocardium and this muscle
is different but special to other muscles. The
heart has fibres and I have a pattern like a
spiral instead of straight, so it is easier to
pump and squeeze.
Parts in the heart
The heart is a pump made up with 4
chambers. The left side has a left ventricle
and a left atrium. The right side has a right
atrium and a right ventricle. The right
ventricle sends blood to the pulmonary
artery and the right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from the body. The left
ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
Nerves
The first is the sympathetic nerve, the heart
is connected to two sets of nerves. The
sympathetic nerve reserves impulses from
the brain to tell the heart to pump. The other
I the parasympathetic nerve, it is the brake
for the system and tells the heart to slow
down. These nerves are a part of the
autonomic system this is because these
nerves work automatically, because we are
not thinking of how our system works.
3 circulations
There are 3 circulations in the circulatory
system and one of them is the coranary
circulation. The coranary circulation,
circulates blood around the cardiac muscle
(heart).
The second circulation is called the
Pulmonary circulation circulates the blood
to the heart and to the lungs. The last
circulation is called the Systemic circulation.
The Systemic circulation circulates blood
around the body and takes the waste away.
Blood Vessels
Arteries have four layers, the tunica
adventitia on the outer side . The arteries
have nerve cells inside the tunica adventitia
and arteries provide the blood vessel with a
supply of oxygen and nutrients. The next is
the tunica media. The tunica media is a
muscular layer and it is thicker in side an
artery. The tunica media has a higher
pressure than other layers and blood vessels.
The tunica intima is made of endothelial
cells.
Finally lumen, is a hollow canter of vessels
but not as wide as a vein. The lumen creates
higher pressure so it gets blood around the
body quicker.
Capillaries are blood vessels that transfer
waste, nutrients and oxygen between the
blood and cells. Capillaries are really small
but they don’t have 3 layers. The capillaries
have a layer made of endothelial cells,
because they are so small.
Veins are the same structure as arteries but
they have some differences. Veins have a
larger lumen because there is less pressure
in these blood vessels. Veins contain valves
so blood can’t go the wrong way. When
travelling back to the heart veins act as
reservoirs so pool to pool and are pushed
back to the heart.
There are different types of blood vessels in
the circulatory system they are called
arteries, capillaries and veins.Artries are in a
system called the arteriole system. The
arteries are protected because they are deep
inside your body. Arteries transport
oxygenated blood from the heart around the
body so arteries have high pressure, because
they have blood pumped from the heart.
Arteries pulse with every single heart beat.
Arteries get smaller and smaller and they
are called arterioles.
The second blood vessel is called capillaries.
Arterioles filter blood into capillaries. There
the blood deposits oxygen and to blood cells
and then transfers waste and carbon dioxide
to the blood.
The third blood vessel is veins. Veins
transport deoxygenated blood to the heart
and veins have a lower pressure. If you cut
your self your blood will dribble. Capillaries
will get bigger and bigger and they turn into
venues then veins. Many veins just simply lie
there peacefully inside the body, just under
the skin. There are important blood vessel
around the heart. The first is the pulmonary
artery, it carries deoxygenated blood from
the right ventricle to the lungs. There is a
vein called the pulmonary vein carries
oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the
heart. Another blood vessel called the aorta.
The aorta is the largest artery in the body
and sends oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle the body. The last vessel around the
heart is called the Vena cava. The Vena cava
are the two main veins in the body. The
superior vena cava returns blood from the
upper body to the heart. The inferior vena
cava returns blood from the lower body to
the heart.
Blood
Did you know that blood heats our body?
The blood heats our whole body and the
important parts.
There are four main blood cells are called
the red blood cells. The red blood cells
makes blood red also the red blood cells has
half the volume of blood. Blood have billions
of them. Red blood cells carry oxygen to cells
and carry oxygen to cells and carry carbon
dioxide to the lungs.
The second important cell are called White
blood cell. The white blood cells are the
biggest cells and they cleans the blood and
kill germs and diseases.
The third substance is called platelets.
Platelets are the smallest in the blood, and
there are billions of them. Platelets help
blood to clot when you have a cut.
The last thing in the blood is called plasma.
Plasma is a watery substance and other
parts floats in it. Plasma is what makes
blood liquid and carry’s nutrients to the
cells. Also plasma carry’s waste to the
kidneys.
Kidneys
Kidneys are a part of the urinary system but
also plays an important part in the
circulatory system. Kidneys clean the blood
and Kidneys get rid of physical waste from
your blood. They dispose of through urine.
You have two kidneys but you can also live
with one. You have two kidneys because it is
more efficient. Your kidneys are located in
your back and Just below the middle. Your
kidneys are a shape of like a big bean.
Kidneys have 1000000 tiny filters called
nephrons in the cortex of the kidney.
Another part of a kidney is called the ureter.
The ureter is the tube where waste trickles to
the bladder.
Exercise
When you exercise your whole circulatory
system accelerates and your heart pumps
faster and harder. When you exercise your
sympathetic nerve tells your heart to pump
faster. The reason why your heart has to
pump faster is because the heart has to get
the blood around the body. When you
exercise your body needs more oxygen and
nutrients also body cells need to dispose of
more
Oxygen and nutrients also body cells need to
dispose more waste.
The muscular system
The last system that is involved with exercise
is the muscular system. The muscular system
involves different types of muscles which
have virus parts and more differently.
Types
There are 3 different types of muscles, first
is voluntary muscles. Voluntary muscles are
skeletal muscles are very adaptable and are
used in different situation e.g. writing and
exercising. Skeletal muscles are for moving
the body and it can be moved when needed.
There are also involuntary muscles; these
are also called smooth muscles. Involuntary
muscles move without conscious thought and
are the walls of hollow structure in the body
for an example intestines and the stomach.
Involuntary muscles are controlled by the
automatic nervous system.
Finally is the cardiac muscle, this is the
scientific name for the heart. The cardiac
muscle is classified as an involuntary muscle;
the cardiac muscle is unlike smooth muscles
as it is striated on the outside, like a skeletal
muscle because it works all the time
automatically.
Appearance
Each type of muscle looks different . Skeletal
muscles are coloured red because of the
blood in the muscle fibres. The skeletal
muscles have different layers. There is a
muscle just under your skin and that layer is
superficial.
The second layer is deeper than the first.
Some muscles have 3 layers called the medial
layer. The skeletal muscles have different
shapes and sizes. Skeletal muscles are the
same shape in the inside. Most muscles are
long and slim. But some muscles are
different shapes liker pectorals, pectorals are
a fan shaped muscles. Some muscles are
broad and wide, like the abdominal walls.
Some muscles are shaped like sheets.
Smooth muscles have a smooth surface.
They have a smooth surface. Smooth
muscles are a kind of a reddish colour like
skeletal muscles.
Parts
The three types of muscles have different
parts. Skeletal muscles have fibres. Skeletal
muscles have muscles have muscles that are
buddled together and each one is slightly
smaller than hair. Each fibre is made out of
dozens of smaller parts called fibrils. Fibres
bound together by a connective tissue called
apimsium also fibres are divided into groups
by a sheatn (empimsium). Each fibre contain
thinner threads and groups have blood
vessels around then bigger muscles have
more fibres. Fibres are striated (striped).
Fibres are at microscopic level.
Tendons is located at the end of the bone.
Tendons are strengthened by a strong thick
fibres or collagen. Muscles become thinner
or tippers away when it is collecting to the
tendon. Tendons are even stronger than
super glue.
Smooth muscles don’t have tendons but they
have fibres. Fibres in smooth muscles are not
striated and that is what makes them
smooth. Also fibres are made out of groups
of smaller muscle cells. These fibres help the
smooth muscle move differently. Smooth
muscles don’t have tendons .Tendons don’t
help the movement of the body. The smooth
muscle are the wall of hollow structures in
the body like intestines and the stomach.
The cardiac muscle have fibres and they
don’t have tendons. The Cardiac’s fibres are
a special form of striated fibres. The cardiac
fibres are only in the heart and unjoining
vessels. Fibres are arranged in a spiral
pattern that helps them squeeze blood
through. The cardiac muscle doesn’t have
tendons because it is constantly moving.
Movement
Each of the muscles types more in different
ways. They move from impulses from the
brain. When skeletal muscles contract they
cannot get longer, they shorten to 70%.
Skeletal muscles are very adoptable, they
have exert a small force For an example to
pick up a feather and great force liking
picking up a heavy object. These muscles tire
easily and they need a period of rest. They
use glucose (sugar) to fuel them and have
more energy. Skeletal muscles react to
certain things almost instantly.
Smooth muscles
When skeletal muscles move with conscious
thought. Smooth muscles move without
thought. Smooth muscles are controlled by
the autonomic nervous system and are
involved in the regulation of your body’s
internal environment. Smooth muscles
contract in a gradual synchronised manner
and move slower than skeletal muscles.
Smooth muscles move like a wave of motions
in some organs. Smooth muscles doesn’t get
tired and smooth muscles keeps us steady to
contract for a long period of time. They are
working all the time for an example used in
controlling eyes and the sizes of the pupil
and the lens. Also regulating the size of the
lumen in the blood vessels. They change the
body’s functions for different situations. For
an example when you’re nervous and when
your excited.
Cardiac muscle
The cardiac muscle is the most important
muscle. The cardiac muscle moves without
thought even though it is striated like a
skeletal muscle. The cardiac muscle is
tireless and it works all the time. The heart
speeds up or slows down when needed and it
contracts like a wave to push blood. The
cardiac muscle has the ability to contract
spontaneously and the heart will beat for a
short time when removed from the body.
Exercise
The muscular system is important to
exercise. Muscles are constantly moving
when exercising. Muscles need more glucose
as they need oxygen at the same time. They
can have cramps if they are over tire. When
you damage your muscle fibres then you
build more muscles. Muscle fibres tear
during exercising and when they heal they
get thicker and stronger. When you exercise
other systems accelerates as your using
energy and oxygen quicker. When you
exercise your heart pumps faster, blood
vessels transport more blood and you
breathe faster.
Although the circulatory, Muscular and the
system are the most important, other
systems are involved like the skeletal system,
if there wasn’t any bones in the body you
wouldn’t be standing. Also the nervous
system, it tells you to move everything.
Written and published by Manu.T
The muscular system
The respiratory system
The circulatory system