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Eukaryotic cells animal and plant cells Bio10 Lab 2 Cells and Tissues Which structures are found only in plant cells? How are plant and animal cells alike? Epithelial tissues– think coverings and linings Tissues Tissue = a group of cells of the same type Squamous epithelium Performs specific functions What are the 4 basic types? Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Flat cells Found lining the lungs, ducts and blood vessels Know their functions! See Ch. 24 in your text Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue Cuboidal epithelium Cube-shaped cells Line kidney tubules Columnar epithelium Cells are shaped like columns Nuclei often found near bottom of cell Lines the digestive tract 1 Epithelial tissue Ciliated columnar epithelium (or pseudostratified epithelium) Line parts of the respiratory tract Cilia provide protection, help move mucus Connective tissue Adipose tissue (fat) Bone Binds structures together Provides support, stores fat, forms blood cells Connective tissue Cells store fat The cells looks like ‘ghosts’ because the fat was washed out when the slide was prepared Connective tissue Connective tissue Provides rigid support Made of a hard matrix of calcium salts deposited around protein fibers Bone cells (osteocytes) are found in lacunae arranged in concentric circles Bone is not static–it’s being remodeled constantly Hyaline cartilage Cells found in chambers called lacunae Separated by a flexible matrix rich in protein Provides flexible support to nose, windpipe (trachea), at ends of bones Connective tissue Osteoporosis progressive loss of bone density, thinning of bone tissue and increased vulnerability to fractures 2 Connective tissue Muscle tissue Blood cells are produced in bone marrow Red blood cells transport oxygen White blood cells fight infection Platelets are important for blood clotting Muscle tissue Muscles are the motors of the body 3 kinds of muscles Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Walls of blood vessels, stomach, intestine Muscle tissue Smooth muscle Muscle tissue Skeletal muscle Spindle-shaped cells Each cell has a single nucleus Organized into sheets of cells Moves the bones of the skeleton During development, several cells fuse to form a very long fiber (or cell) with many nuclei The stripes are due to actin and myosin filaments within the cell. These filaments power muscle contraction. Nervous tissue Cardiac muscle Responsible for the heart beat Cells are branched and highly interconnected Promotes the rapid spread of the electrical signal that initiates contraction Neurons Or nerve cells Carry nerve impulses, or electrical signals, from the dendrites to the cell body and down the length of the axon where they pass the signal to a neighboring cell The myelin sheath “insulates” the axon 3