Download TE: Sample Unit Introduction

Unit 8 The Four Gospels
Big Idea
The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are narratives of Jesus’ life and teachings.
Introduce the Unit
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Have the students look ahead
through the unit, noting chapter
heads and artwork. Discuss
the Big Idea of the unit. Invite
them to locate the four gospels
in their Bibles. Use the Unit
Background (below) to enrich
your discussion.
Read and discuss the “Discover”
statements with the class.
Explain to the students that
the gospel is a literary genre
unto itself.
Discuss the graphic organizers,
stressing that students’
understanding of the unit will
grow as they complete each
chapter organizer.
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Introduce the Unit Activities,
discussing the projects and
writing for the unit.
209
UNIT 8 The Four Gospels
Unit eight
In this unit you will discover
The Four
Gospels
• How the four gospels took the
message of Jesus to different
audiences
• The basic literary forms found
in the four gospels
You are the light of the world. A city
Ask a student to read from the
text the passage from Matthew.
Who do you think is speaking
in this quotation? (Jesus) To
whom might he be speaking?
(His followers) Explain that this
is a “typical” saying of Jesus.
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Unit 8
208
• How each gospel reflects a
distinct approach to the life
of Jesus
built on a hill cannot be hid. No one
after lighting a lamp puts it under the
bushel basket, but on the lampstand,
and it gives light to all in the house.
In the same way, let your light shine
before others, so that they may see
your good works.
Matthew 5:14–16 [NRSV]
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Unit Background
Historical, Social, and Cultural Background Church leaders who lived
and died in the 100s and 200s recognized the Gospels of Matthew, Mark,
Luke, and John as the full collection of Jesus’ life. Tertullian (died 220),
Irenaeus (died 202), and Clement (died about 220) often quoted from
them in their writings. Justin, writing in 145, referred to the four gospels
as a well-known and valid set of sacred records of the life of Jesus. In his
Memoir of the Apostles, Justin relied only upon the four canonical gospels.
Irenaeus argued explicitly, “it is not possible that the Gospels be either
more or fewer than they are. He called the four gospels “the four pillars” of
the church.
Many scholars believe that the Gospel of Mark was written between the
years 66 and 70, after the persecution of Christians by the Emperor Nero.
Many scholars believe the Gospel of Matthew was written around the years
70–90, perhaps in Antioch of Syria, and was based on the Gospel of Mark.
However, a number of scholars still hold with the ancient tradition that
Matthew was, literally, “the first gospel,” and thus was written earlier. The
name of Matthew, after the apostle Matthew, was given to this gospel as
early as the 2nd century. Most scholars believe Matthew was written mainly
for Jewish Christians.
The Gospel of Luke has been attributed to Luke since at least the
2nd century. Many early church fathers (such as Iranaeus, Clement of
Alexandria, Origen, and Tertullian) mention Luke as its author.
The Christian community has traditionally credited the apostle John with
the authorship of the Gospel of John, as well as the Book of Revelation and
three letters.
Unit Bibliography 8
208 Unit 8
The Four Gospels
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Unit Introduction
GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
In Unit 8, students read the narratives of Jesus from four of his
followers—Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John. Readers of the four
gospels often feel the content of each book is quite similar.
While this is somewhat true, a closer examination of the gospels
reveals the four books are written to different audiences for
different purposes. Even the themes and genre vary. As students
explore the gospel authors’ intent and purpose, they gain greater
knowledge of the writer and of the people and events in the
narrative of Jesus of Nazareth.
The Gospel of Mark
Themes
Audience
Literary Devices
Key Events
Key Characters
FPO
Earlier in their textbook, students were introduced to the gospel
writers, their audiences, purposes, and themes. In the chapters
of this unit, students will examine the individual gospels. Unlike
the graphic organizers in other units, student will use the same
type of graphic organizer to analyze each gospel. In Graphic
Organizers 21–24, Content Analysis Charts, students will record
the gospels’ audience, themes, key events, and characters.
They will also explore and identify literary devices or elements,
including various genres, found in the four gospels.
Graphic Organizers 21–24
This unit offers a unique opportunity to use the graphic
organizers in a culminating activity. Due to the unique genre
of the gospels and due to the structure of Graphic Organizers
21–24, you may ask students to write a unit summary statement
or to compare and contrast the four gospels.
UNIT ACTIVITIES
Unit Project Activities
Unit Writing Activity
The Golden Rule Ad Campaign Construct an ad
campaign for the Golden Rule, attempting to convince
others to live by that rule. Select a format, such as signs,
posters, webpage or other use of technology, to convey
your message. Choose a format for your finished product
that will best illustrate the message of your campaign.
Blogging the Book of Mark Take the Gospel of Mark into
the 21st century by retelling the Book of Mark through a blog.
Create a cast of at least five bloggers based on the people
within the gospel. Have them report sightings of the events
in Mark from their perspective, writing in the first person.
Unit Writing Activity 8
Songs with Mood and Tone Review the songs of
Zechariah and Mary in the first chapter of Luke. Select a
character from the Book of Luke. Identify the mood and
tone of the character. Write lyrics for a song that would
be appropriate for that character to proclaim. Use a
format similar to Zechariah and Mary’s, which conveys the
character’s mood and tone.
Seven Signs See the table on page 235 to help you
select one of the seven signs in the Gospel of John. Read
the passage. Make an artistic image based on an idea or
thought you had while reading that connects to one of the
seven signs. You can create a drawing, three-dimensional
piece, photo, or poem. Share your work and explain in an
oral presentation the sign’s connection to your art.
Unit Project Activities 8
209
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Unit 8 The Four Gospels
Big
Idea
Chapter
Chapter 21
Mark
The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are narratives of Jesus’ life and teachings.
Learning Objectives
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Chapter 22
Matthew
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Chapter 23
Unit 8
Luke
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Chapter 24
John
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Pacing Guides
Vocabulary
People & Places
Resources
Identify the main themes, first audience, and key
events and people of the Gospel of Mark
Learn about the unique characteristics of Mark’s
gospel
Discover some examples of the influence of the
Gospel of Mark on Western culture
pericopes
exorcism
blasphemy
disciples
nature miracle
intercalation
Mark (John Mark)
Jesus
John the Baptist
Jairus
King Herod
Peter
James
John
Judas
Pontius Pilate
Barabbas
Simon Cyrene
Joseph of
Arimathea
Jordan River
Jerusalem
Mount of Olives
Garden of
Gethsemane
CD
Graphic Organizer 21
People of INFLUENCE 21
Places of INFLUENCE 21
Chapter 21 Test
Unit Project Activities 8
Unit Writing Activity 8
Assessment BLM
Assessment Online
Identify the main themes, first audience, and key
events and people of the Gospel of Matthew
Learn how the Gospel of Matthew draws on the
Hebrew Scriptures
Discover some ways in which the Gospel of
Matthew has influenced Western culture
typology
infancy narrative
fulfillment
citation
virgin birth
Jesus
Mary
Joseph
magi (wise men)
King Herod
Simon Peter
Nazareth
Galilee
Caesarea Philippi
CD
Graphic Organizer 22
People of INFLUENCE 22
Places of INFLUENCE 22
Chapter 22 Test
Unit Project Activities 8
Unit Writing Activity 8
Assessment BLM
Assessment Online
Jesus
Luke
Mary
Theophilus
John the Baptist
Zechariah
Elizabeth
Emperor Augustus
Quirinius
Simeon
Anna
Mary Magdalene
Joanna
Martha
Mary
Bethlehem
Jerusalem
Emmaus
CD
Graphic Organizer 23
People of INFLUENCE 23
Places of INFLUENCE 23
Chapter 23 Test
Unit Project Activities 8
Unit Writing Activity 8
Assessment BLM
Assessment Online
John, son of
Zebedee
Jesus
James
Mary
Lazarus
Nicodemus
Samaritan woman
Peter
Holy Spirit
God the Father
Mary Magdalene
Thomas
Galilee
Jerusalem
Nicea
Cana
CD
Graphic Organizer 24
People of INFLUENCE 24
Places of INFLUENCE 24
Chapter 24 Test
Unit Project Activities 8
Unit Writing Activity 8
Assessment BLM
Assessment Online
Identify the main themes, first audience, and key
events and people of the Gospel of Luke
Describe the ways in which the Gospel of Luke
extends Jesus’ message beyond the Christian
community
Discuss some ways the Gospel of Luke has
influenced Western culture
Identify the main themes, first audience, and key
events and people of the Gospel of John
Describe ways in which the Gospel of John is a
unique gospel
Name some examples of how the Gospel of John
has influenced Western culture
signs
creed
glory
Suggested Daily Lesson Plans
209A Unit 8
The Four Gospels
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Unit Planner
Literary
Terms
audience, characters, compare and contrast, events, writer’s purpose, theme
CROSS-CURRICULAR CONNECTIONS
Literature / Language
Social Studies
The Arts
Literature
p. 211 The Iliad and The Odyssey
p. 216 Countee Cullen, “Simon the Cyrenian Speaks”
p. 217 Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea
Literary Expressions
p. 212 a house divided will not stand
p. 214 widow’s mite
World History
p. 216 Crucifixion in the ancient world
Fine Art
p. 210 Eadfrith of Lindisfarne, Lindisfarne Gospels,
image of Mark
p. 211 Joachim Patenier, Baptism of Christ
p. 213 James Jacques Joseph Tissot, “The Swine Driven
Into the Sea” in The Life of Christ
p. 214 Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper
p. 215 Paul Gauguin, The Yellow Christ
Drama
p. 215 Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, Jesus Christ
Superstar
Literature
p. 219 T. S. Eliot, “The Journey of the Magi”
p. 222 Shakespeare, Twelfth Night
Literary Elements
p. 223 structure of the Lord’s Prayer
Literary Expressions
p. 224 turn the other cheek
p. 224 salt of the earth
p. 224 give the shirt off your back
p. 224 go the extra mile
p. 224 cast your pearls before swine
World History
p. 225 David Livingstone
American History
p. 221 John Winthrop
p. 221 Ronald Reagan
Fine Art
p. 218 Tree of Jesse window in Chartres Cathedral
p. 220 Bartolo di Fredi, Adoration of the Magi
p. 220 Fra Angelico, The Sermon on the Mount
p. 222 Rembrandt, St. Matthew and the Angel
p. 225 Portrait of Dr. David Livingstone
Literary Elements
p. 230 literary features of the Gospel of Luke
p. 233 parables
Literary Expressions
p. 230 good Samaritan
p. 230 prodigal son
World History
p. 229 Emperor Augustus
p. 231 Women in the Roman Empire
Fine Art
p. 226 Rogier van der Weyden, St. Luke Painting the
Virgin
p. 228 Fra Angelico, The Annunciation
p. 229 Georges de La Tour, Adoration of the Shepherds
p. 231 Jan Vermeer, Christ in the House of Martha
and Mary
p. 232 Titian, The Resurrection of Christ
p. 232 Rembrandt, The Supper at Emmaus
Music
p. 229 Johann Sebastian Bach, Magnificat
Drama
p. 227 Shepherds’ plays (Las Pastorelas)
Literary Expressions
p. 241 a doubting Thomas
World History
p. 235 Council of Nicea
p. 238 Mother Teresa of Calcutta
Fine Art
p. 234 The Gospels of Mac Regol
p. 235 Paolo Veronese, The Marriage Feast at Cana
p. 236 Horace Pippin, Women of Samaria
p. 240 Titian, Noli Me Tangere
p. 243 Rembrandt, The Return of the Prodigal Son
Music
p. 240 Joseph Haydn, Seven Last Words of the Redeemer on the Cross
Film
p. 239 The Matrix
Social Studies
The Arts
UNIT PROJECTS
Literature / Language
The Golden Rule Ad Campaign, variety of formats
Blogging the Book of Mark, blog entries
Songs with Mood and Tone, song lyrics
Seven Signs, art
209B
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