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Abba
The intimate, familiar Aramaic word for “father”
Apostle
Literally, “one who is sent”; often applied to the twelve
disciples chosen by Jesus
Catholic Epistles
James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude
Glossolalia
Literally, “speaking in tongues”: regarded by Paul
(1 Corinthians 14) and Luke (Acts 2) as spiritual gifts
Justification
The means by which God realigns people into right
relationship with God
Midrash
The form or product of biblical interpretation carried out in
rabbinic Judaism
Paraclete
A helper, comforter, or mediator; used in John’s Gospel
to characterize the Holy Spirit
Q
A hypothetical source, comprising sayings of Jesus,
presumably used by both Matthew and Luke
Septuagint
The Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible for diaspora
Jews, originating in the third century B.C.E.
Soteriology
Discourse about salvation; in the New Testament, with
reference to the activity of God, Christ, or the Holy Spirit
Synoptic Problem
The problem of understanding the similarities and
differences among the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke
Torah
The Hebrew term referring to teaching or law revealed
by God