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Final exam example Test I & Final Exam 4. Which diet consists of whole-grain cereals and vegetables, a small amount of fish, and no other meats and fruits? A) vegetarian B) macrobiotic C) ovo-vegetarian D) microbiotic 33.Taking Taking supplements with folic acid will primarily help A) pregnant and breastfeeding women B) children C) elderly people D) women with heavy menstrual bleeding 1.A food that may provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition is known as a A)) free radical B) functional food C) direct additive D) indirect additive 2.A substance continually produced in our cells that over time may cause damage to DNA and other important cell structures is known as a A) free radical B) functional food C) direct additive D) indirect additive Test I & Final Exam 5. Lycopene is commonly found in A) garlic B) tomato sauce C) yogurt D) toothpaste 6. Abbreviation GRAS means A) Generally Recognized as Suitable B) Generally Recognized as Scientific C) Generally Recognized as Safe D) Generally Recognized as Supplement 7 True or false? Phytochemicals are complex plant chemicals that 7. are essential for life. A) True B) False 8. True or false? Calcium-fortified orange juice, yogurt with live cultures, and cereals with folic acid are examples of functional foods. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 9. The breaking apart of foods into smaller and smaller units is called A) digestion B) absorption b ti C) metabolism D) molecular function 10. Which of the followingg is not one of the main p processes that allow nutrients to be absorbed from the GI tract into circulation? A) passive diffusion B)) active diffusion C) facilitated diffusion D) active transport 11. Which of the following is not one of the three parts of the small intestine? A) duodenum B) duodenal C) jejunum D) ileum 12. The primary organs of excretion are the A)) heart and lungs g B) lungs and kidneys C) kidneys and liver D) liver and pancreasTest I & Final Exam 13. The main cause of diverticulosis is due to a diet A) high in fats and low in fiber B) high in seedlike products such as tomatoes and nuts C) low in fats and high in fiber D) low in seedlike products such as tomatoes and nuts 14. Which of the following are examples of heavy metals? A) Iron and chromium B) Carbon and cobalt C) Lead and mercury D) Fluoride Fl id and d molybdenum l bd 15. True or false? The lining of the GI tract is called the mucosa. A) True B) False 16. True or false? Bile prepares protein for absorption. A) True B)) False 17. True or false? Saliva and other fluids blend with food to form lumen. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 18. True or false? Nutrients in the lymphatic system must pass g the liver before entering g the bloodstream. through A) True B) False 19. The most abundant form of complex carbohydrates ingested should come from A) dietary fiber B) glycogen C) starch D) glucose 20. What are lignans? A) Plant cell structural components B) Phytoestrogens with estrogenic properties C) Plant carbohydrates D) Human form of healthy carbohydrate 21. The primary fuel in the body is A) lactose B) glucose C) glycogen D) maltose Test I & Final Exam 22. Which organ stores and releases glucose as needed to maintain g levels? blood sugar A) liver B) kidney C) colon D) stomach t h 23. True or false? Legumes such as peas, lentils, and beans are low g in p protein. in starch but high A) True B) False 24. True or false? Large amounts of glycogen can be consumed through eating beef or chicken meats. A) True B) False F l 25. True or false? The hormone epinephrine is released in response to stress and raises blood glucose level. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 26. Which type of fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbon atoms? A) saturated B) branched chain saturated C) monounsaturated D) polyunsaturated 27. Which one of the following is not a common source of phospholipids? A) egg yolks B) egg whites C) soybeans D) peanuts 28 Whi 28. Which h lipoprotein li t i has h the th highest hi h t percentage t off fat? f t? A) very low density lipoprotein B) low-density lipoprotein p p C)) intermediate-densityy lipoprotein D) high-density lipoprotein 29. Which is not a risk factor for heart disease? A) high blood pressure B) high blood cholesterol C) smoking D) high fiber intakeTest I & Final Exam 30. To reduce the risk of cancer, a person should decrease fat consumption and increase consumption of all of the following except A) f it fruits B) fiber C) vegetables processed ggrains p D)) 31. Which of the following describes the role of Health Canada in the monitoring of pesticides? It samples p all food shipments p for all p pesticides. A)) It samples all food shipments for some pesticides. B) C) It samples random food shipments for some pesticides. D) It samples random food shipments for all pesticides. 32 Which 32. Whi h nutrient t i t contains t i the th mostt calories l i per gram?? A) vitamins lipids B) carbohydrates y C)) D) protein 33.Which of the following is not a primary factor influencing decisions about what we eat? A) taste B) texture C) cost Test I & Final Exam D) appearance 34. The typical American diet is usually high in A) meats and potatoes B) fruits and vegetables C) fruits f it and d meats t D) sugars and vegetables 35. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered A) macrodiets B) macronutrients C) antioxidants D) free radicals 36. Which of the following, is used the most widely as an antimicrobial agent? A)) Saccharine B) Sodium nitrite C) Sodium propionate D) Sugar 37. Which of the following is an inorganic nutrient? A) minerals B)) vitamins C) carbohydrates D) lipids Test I & Final Exam 38. Organic compounds needed in relatively small amounts for reproduction, growth, and maintenance of the body are A) minerals B) lipids C) vitamins D) proteins 39. Your body is approximately _______ percent water. A) 30 B) 45 60 C) D) 75 40. Which of the following is likely to be a primary source for nutritional information? A) newspapers B) nightly news C) professional journals D) magazine articles 41. What influence food choices that is most closely related to religion, beliefs, and traditions? A) cultural B) cognitive C) sensory D) behavioral Test I & Final Exam 42. Absorption of amino acids in GI tract is controlled by A) quaternary structure of proteins B) function of protein C) amino acid sequence D) bioavailability of proteins 43. Which of the followingg is one of the most commonlyy consumed American vegetables? A) green beans B) corn C)) broccoli D) iceberg lettuce 44. Which nutrient does not help supply structure to bone? A) lipids B) carbohydrates b h d t C) minerals D) water 45. True or false? To a large extent, culture defines our attitudes. A) True B) False 46 True or false? An apple typically has a high amount of protein 46. while being low in lipids. A) True Test I & Final Exam B) False 47. Glycemic index is used to describe the following food properties. A) The amounts of simple carbohydrates available for absorption B) How fast carbohydrates are digested and absorbed from particular food C) How fast glucose is absorbed and transfer into glycogen D) How fast complex carbohydrates will be digested into simple sugars 48. Which of the following dietary guidelines is incorrect? A) Consume less than 2,300 mg of sodium per day. B) Choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains often. C) Increase intake of fats and oils high in saturated or trans fatty acids. D) Cook foods to safe temperatures to kill microorganisms. 49. The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines is to A) reduce the rates of overnutrition and undernutrition B) promote health and reduce the risk for chronic diseases C) increase caloric intake across the life-stage groups D) enco rage cons encourage consumption mption of healthy health trans t fats 50. Which of the following is not a mandatory requirement for a food label? A) statement of identity B) name and address of manufacturer C) nutrition information D) gross weight of content Test I & Final Exam 51. True or false? Essential fatty acids are precursors to hormonelike substances called eicosanoids. A) True B) False 52. True or false? Dietary fats supply the majority of the body's energy needs during rest and low intensity exercises. A) True B) False 53. True or false? Cholesterol is considered essential because it cannot be produced in the body. body A) True B) False 54 Which of the following will not destabilize a protein's shape? 54. A) cold temperatures B) changes in acidity C) changes in alkalinity D) oxidation 55. The most abundant protein in mammals is A) testosterone B) estrogen C) collagen D) keratin Test I & Final Exam 56. Once absorbed, amino acids travel from the small intestine via the portal vein to the A) pancreas B) kidneys C) liver D) gallbladder 57 True or False? Dieting in place of changing eating habits is the best way to 57. control body weight. A) True B) False 58. A severely ill person would likely have which of the following nitrogen balances? positive A)) p B) zero C) negative D) inactive 59. Which of the following foods is the poorest source of protein? A) soy burger B) chicken C) kidney kid b beans D) milk Test I & Final Exam 60. Excess dietary protein can cause A) loss of vitamin C B) kwashiorkor C) loss of calcium D) marasmus 61. True or false? The body will burn protein prior to carbohydrate as a source off energy. A) True B) False 62. True or false? Taking protein supplements or eating high-protein diets is an effective way to lose fat and gain muscle mass. A) True B) False 63. True or false? The majority of proteins in the bloodstream are dipeptides. A) True B) False 64. True or false? Proteins that are not digested in the small intestine travel to the large intestine, where they are absorbed and utilized for energy. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 65. Body fat levels of 6 to 10 percent for men and 12 to 19 percent for women are considered A) high B) just right C) low D) morbidly obese 66 True or False? Limits for daily consumption of Nutrasweet are only set up 66. for children. A) True B) False 67. Obesity is a risk factor for which of the following chronic diseases? A) heart disease B) diabetes C)) cancer D) all of the above 68. True or false? Skinfold measurements use the same principle as underwater weighing to assess body fatness. A) True B) False 69. True or false? Body composition is an important factor in determining disease risk. A) True Test I & Final Exam B) False 70. Excess of fat-soluble vitamins typically accumulate in the A) liver B) muscle C) small ll intestine i t ti D) pancreas 71. Which is not considered an active form of vitamin A? A) retinal B) retinoic acid C) retinol D) retnalogic 72 True or False? Organic foods are entirely free from synthetic pesticides. 72. pesticides A) True B) False 73. The active form of vitamin D is called. A) coenzyme Q10 B) cholesterol C) beta-carotene D) calcitriol Test I & Final Exam 74. Where is vitamin E primarily stored? A) liver B) kidneys C) skin D) body fat 75. A common deficiencyy associated with thiamin is called A) scurvy B) beriberi C) rickets D)) p pellagra g 76. Which vitamin is a component of acetyl CoA? A) thiamin B) vitamin C C) folate f l D) pantothenic acid 77. Eating too many raw egg whites may adversely affect the absorption of A) biotin B) niacin C) vitamin C D) vitamin D Test I & Final Exam 78. Which vitamin helps reactions to break down glucose, make RNA and DNA, or produce energy-rich molecules that power protein synthesis? A) thiamin B) vitamin B6 C) riboflavin D) vitamin D 79. True or false? Vitamins are found in every food group, including fats and oils. A) True B) False 80. True or false? A healthy liver can store up to a year's supply of vitamin A. A) True B) False 81. True or false? Sources of riboflavin include dairy products, enriched grains, eggs, and organ meats. A) True B) False 82. True or false? Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency include weakness and fatigue and eventual nerve damage. A) True Test I & Final Exam B) False 83. True or false? Only foods of animal origin contain retinoids, while some foods of plant origin contain provitamin A carotenoids such as betacarotene. A) True B) False 84. In our body, which of the following is not a function of water? A) carries i food f d through h h the h di digestive i system B) transports nutrients to cells and tissues C) serves as a shock absorber and cleaning agent provides energy gy D)) p 85. The majority of water lost from the body occurs through A) exhaled air perspiration p B)) p C) feces D) urine 86 Over 99 percent of calcium in the body is found within the 86. A) liver and spleen B) muscles and skin C) bones and teeth D) stomach and small intestine Test I & Final Exam 87. Which mineral participates with over 300 types of enzyme-driven reactions, including those in DNA and protein synthesis, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and ATP production? A) calcium l i B) boron C) magnesium D) sodium 88. Which mineral is known for transporting oxygen in blood? A) iron B) zinc C) copper D) calcium 89. True or false? Osmosis causes water to flow back and forth through the cell membrane. A) True B) False 90. True or false? Foods low in fat and high in calcium, magnesium, and potassium may reduce blood pressure pressure. A) True B) False 91 T 91. True or false? f l ? Chloride Chl id is i nott a componentt off table t bl salt. lt A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 92. True or false? Wheat bran, phytate and oxalate increase calcium absorption. A) True B) False F l 93. Which foodborne organism creates havoc within the gastrointestinal tract? A) Campylobacter B) Staphylococcus St h l aureus C) Shigella D) E. colites 94 Which of the following is not considered one of the major classes of drugs 94. used in animals raised for food? A) topical antiseptics B) antiparasitics C) genetically manufactured foods D) antibodies prevent spoilage p g and increase shelf life? 95. Which is added to foods to p A) pasteurization B) preservative C) irradiation D) microorganism i i Test I & Final Exam 96. Which of the following is not typically used as a food preservative? A) calcium citrate B) sodium propionate C) vitamin it i E D) potassium sorbate 97. True or false? Salmonella bacteria are prevalent in poultry and eggs that are g y cooked. not thoroughly A) True B) False 98. True or false? Genetic modification has appeared to be extremely successful, especially in cases of insect-resistant varieties of corn, potatoes, and soybeans. A) True B) False 99. True or false? Development of foodborne illnesses results from the interactions between the pathogen, the host, and the environment in which they exist and interact. A) True B) False 100. Two molecules of glucose when joined together form A) maltodextrin B) maltotriose C) maltose Test I & Final Exam D) maltase 101. Providing above recommendation the best and complete protein supplements or complete and highly bioavailable proteins leads to A) the best way to develop body muscle mass B) the th b bestt way tto control t lb body d weight i ht C) the way to overload kidney and liver D) effectively affect body hormonal system p in seeds,, nuts and vegetable g oils are? 102. The most common fattyy acids present A) n-7 B) n-11 C) n-6 D)) n-3 103. The type of alcohol found in beer, wine, and liquor is called A) methanol B) ethanol C) glycerol D) isopropanol 104. Which of the followingg is not considered a distilled alcohol? A) wine B) rum C) gin D) whiskey hi k Test I & Final Exam 105. The majority of alcohol is metabolized in the A) small intestine B) stomach C) bloodstream D) liver 106. Which of the following vitamin deficiencies can be seen in alcoholics? A) B6 B) B12 C) C D)) common deficiencies for all vitamins 107. True or false? The breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins always takes priority over alcohol. A) True B) False 108 True or false? Blood alcohol level rises faster in women due to their body size 108. and composition, lower enzyme activity, and hormonal fluctuations. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 109. Olive oil is one of the best nutritional oils because it contains A) omega-9 fatty acids and specific antioxidants B) n-3 fatty acids and polyphenolics C) n-66 fatty f tt acids id as diglycerides di l id D) most of fatty acids in the form of health diglycerides 110. True or False? In the small intestine triacylglycerides are hydrolized by hydrolases into free fatty acids and glycerine. glycerine A) True B) False 111 Triacylglycerides are anabolized by joining together 111. A) glycerol with saturated fatty acids only B) all groups of fatty acids C) alcohols and short chain fatty acids D) trihydroxy alcohol with fatty acids 112. Fats affecting positively our health should have A) proper proportion of each group of fatty acids B) only omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids C) specific proportion of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids D) specific proportion of n-3, n-9 and n-6 Test I & Final Exam 113. True or false? Due to fluid loss and inadequate diet, alcoholics are commonly deficient in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. A) True B) False 114. Which of the following completes the breakdown of acetyl CoA? A) glycolysis B) ketosis k t i C) endocytosis D) citric acid cycle 115. Which hormone is initiating catabolism of glycogen in response to quick needs of glucose as source of energy under stress? A) epimolarine B) epiglucerine p p C)) epinepherine D) epidemic 116. True or False? Antibodies are proteins used by our body to fight specific invader. A) True B) False 117. The body can make long-chain fatty acids though a process called A) glycolysis B) lipogenesis C) ketogenesis Test I & Final Exam D) lipolysis 118. Prebiotics and probiotics are A) alive bacterial cells and oligosaccharides B) parts of our digestive tract C) essential ti l components t to t control t l bacterial b t i l microflora i fl in i small ll intestine i t ti D) specific carbohydrates and enzymes digesting them 119. Which of the following is not a main reason why direct additives are used in foods? A) to maintain or improve nutritional value B) to neutralize flavor or color C) to maintain product consistency D)) to p provide leavening g or control acidity y and alkalinity y 120. Which of the following is not a good question to ask prior buying a supplement? A) Is the quantity enough to have an effect? B) Is I the h product d new to me? ? C) Who is selling the product? D) All of the above are good questions. 121 The sugar alcohols include 121. A) stanols and stanol esters B) xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, and lactitol C) lutein D) lycopene Test I & Final Exam 122. Flaxseed is reach in the following phytochemicals A) Oil and protein B) Lignin and omega-6 fatty acids C) Fiber Fib and d carbohydrates b h d t D) n-3 fatty acid and lignans 123. Most people survive total starvation for y A)) three days B) two weeks C) two months D) one year 124. True or false? NAD+ is derived from vitamin C. A) True B) False 125 Which vitamin plays a primary role in vision and the development of body 125. cells? A) vitamin A B) vitamin B6 C) vitamin C D) vitamin D 126. Which of the following diseases is associated with a vitamin D deficiency? A) scurvy B) beriberi C) rickets Test I & Final Exam D) pellagra 127. Which vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting? A) vitamin A B) vitamin C C) vitamin E D) vitamin K 128. Which vitamin the body needs to synthesize fatty acids? A) riboflavin B) niacin C) thiamin D) vitamin B6 129. A deficiency associated with inadequate levels of vitamin C is A) scurvy B) beriberi C) rickets D) pellagra 130. True or false? Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the body. A) True B) False 131. True or false? Ten to 15 minutes of daily sunshine will provide an adequate supply of vitamin C. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 132. True or false? Good sources of biotin include fruits and vegetable such as broccoli and bananas. A) True B) False F l 133. Which of the following is not a function of the GI tract? A) transport of ingested food B) secretion of digestive enzymes C) exchange of oxygen within the blood vessels D) movement of undigested material 134. When disease-causing bacteria are ingested what is killing them? A) Pepsin B) Bile C) Gastrin D) Hydrochloric acid 135. True or false? Most amino acids require active transport. A) True B)) False 136. True or false? Intrinsic factor is a substance necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 137. Which of the following is used to help determine Estimated Energy Expenditure (EER)? A) age B) height h i ht and d weight i ht C) physical activity level D) all of the above g body y fat? 138. Which of the followingg methods is the least effective for measuring A) the Bod Pod B) underwater weighing C) BMI index D)) bioelectrical impedance p 139. True or false? Our bodies store glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use. A) True B) False F l 140. True or false? Feasting stimulates anabolic processes such as glycogen and fat synthesis. A) True B) False 141. True or false? Triglycerides are an excellent source of glucose the later can b used be d iin llarge amounts t as a source off energy. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 142. Lecithin is a lipid component which A) belongs to sterols group B) has emulsifying properties C) is the main lipid component in egg white D) is the main component in plant cells only 143. Plants from Cruciferous family are source of A) diverse group of cyclic phytochemicals B) specifically offer diverse group of sulphur components C) contains terpenes only D) is a source of components helping with diabetes 144. The most sensible way to reduce the amount of body fat is A) avoid consumption of carbohydrates B) restrict daily energy intake to 1000 kcal C) regularly l l exercises i att moderate d t level l l D) limit the amounts of fat and carbohydrates in your diet 145. A grain product with added thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron to replace those nutrients lost or diminished in food processing is A) fortified B) enriched C) enhanced D) processed Test I & Final Exam 146. Which nutrient is not required to be posted on the Nutrition Facts panel? A) carbohydrates B) fats C) water D) vitamins 147. True or false? Health researchers have discovered links between diet and high blood pressure, cancer, and heart disease. A) True B) False 148. True or false? The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily level that meets the needs of the majority of people (over 97 percent). percent) A) True B) False 149. Most of poultry and pork meats are lighter in colour because they contain A) lower amounts of myoglobin B) lower amounts PUFA lipids C) higher amounts of fats D) higher amounts of protein 150. True or False? Glucose and fatty acids are not the main source of Acetyl CoA. A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 151. True or false? Foods sweetened with sugar alcohol promote tooth decay. A) True B) False 152. All amino acids when catabolize for energy are directly involve in the following metabolic processes A) transamination and glycogenesis B) glycolysis and acetyl CoA metabolism C) TCA cycle, acetyl CoA metabolism and electron transfer chain D) neither of the above metabolic processes 153. True or False? Omega-3 fatty acids have always first double bond on the third carbon atom counted from methyl group. A) True B) False 154. True or False? The largest number of ATP molecules is produced during lipogenesis of fatty acids. A) True B) False 155 Wh 155. When water t iintake t k iis llow, spinal i l cells ll in i the th brain b i signal i l the th pituitary it it glands l d to release A) epinephrine B) antidiuretic hormone C) thyroxin D) insulin Test I & Final Exam 156. Which mineral deficiency is the most common worldwide? A) sodium B) phosphorus C) iron i D) calcium 157. True or false? Sodium and potassium are positively charged ions called cations, and chloride and phosphate form negatively charged ions called anions. A) True B) False 158. True or false? Water loss of 20 percent of body weight can cause coma and death. A) True B) False 159. True or false? Vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption and should be considered for the prevention of osteoporosis. A)) True B) False 160. True or False? Glucogenic amino acids are transformed into fatty acids by t transamination. i ti A) True B) False Test I & Final Exam 161. True or False? One of the main functions of the liver is storage and anabolism of glycogen to keep proper blood glucose level. A) True B) False 162. True or False? Amino acids are metabolized by beta-oxidation to form long chain fatty acids. A) True B) False 163. True or false? Manufacturers must have approval from Health Canada prior marketing a supplement. A) True T B) False 164. In the immune system antigen and antibody have the following functions A) protect body from invaders by killing them B) to t mark k iinvader d and dd destroy t it C) to destroy invader and produce proteins from it D) to mark invader and remove it from body 165 Which metabolic process does not require oxygen when breaking down a 165. glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate, yielding two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH? A) Metabolism B) Acidity C) Oxidation Test I & Final Exam D) Glycolysis