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The Civil War & Reconstruction Unit 6 Chapters 14-15 Causes The Union & the CSA in 1861 Comparing the North & the South Advantages for the Union 1. Population 2. Economic 3. Political So why did the South think they could win? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Defensive War Geography Military Leadership High Troop Morale Foreign Aid The Union s Strategy The Anaconda Plan General Winfield Scott 1st Battle of Bull Run Battle of Manassas July 1861 The Great Skedaddle The Battle of the Ironclads March 1862 Merrimac vs. Monitor The Peninsula Campaign March 1862 If McClellan isn t using the army, I would like to borrow it. General George McClellan -Lincoln Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg Sept. 1862 Burnside Bridge Bloody Lane The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Emancipation in 1863 The Draft • Opposed by the Peace Democrats – Called Copperheads by Republicans • New York City Draft Riots – Summer of 1863 The Draft 1. What were the provisions of the Conscription Act? 2. Why was the Civil War described as a “rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”? 3. Violence broke out in several cities but was indiscriminate. In NY, however, African Americans were targeted. Why? Other targets of violence in NY? 4. What were the effects of the NY draft riots? Siege at Vicksburg May 19 - July 4, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg July 1 - 3, 1863 Sherman s March The Election of 1864 Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Lee Grant Lincoln s Assassination April 14, 1865 Ford s Theatre Booth Political Impacts of the War 1. Republicans dominated Congress 2. Expansion of Presidential Power -Suspended the writ of habeas corpus -Ex Parte Milligan (1866) 3. Supremacy of the federal gov t was established Economic Impacts of the War 1. Tariffs, excise taxes, and an income tax were used to finance the war 2. Greenbacks were issued 3. New class of millionaires emerged Social Impacts of the War 1. 620,000 dead 2. Women in the work force 3. End of Slavery -13th Amendment (Dec. 1865) Reconstruction 1863-1877 Key Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the 2. What branch Union? of government should control the process of Reconstruction? 4. How do we rebuild the South after its 3. How do we destruction integrate and during the protect newlywar? emancipated black freedmen? Lincoln s 10% Plan Congressional Opposition Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Sen. Wade R-OH Pocket Vetoed Rep. Davis R-MD Freedmen s Bureau • March 1865 • Commissioner Oliver O. Howard Johnson s 10%+ Plan Congress breaks with Johnson • Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons • Southern Passage of Black Codes • Johnson s vetoes: – Freedman s Bureau Bill – 1866 Civil Rights Act • Midterm election of 1866 Congressional Reconstruction • 14th Amendment Reconstruction Act of 1867 Impeachment of Johnson • Tenure of Office Act • Impeached on Feb. 14, 1868 • Acquitted by a vote of 35 to 19 on May 16, 1868 Edwin Stanton Election of 1868 Vs. Ulysses S. Grant (R) Horatio Seymour (D) 15th Amendment Amnesty Act of 1872 As a result many southern states began electing Democrats back to office ousting carpetbaggers & scalawags Civil Rights Act of 1875 Abandonment of Reconstruction • Panic of 1873 • Corruption of the Grant Administration • Election of 1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes (R) vs. Samuel J. Tilden (D) – Compromise of 1877 Hayes Tilden The New South? • Still mostly one crop economy • Slavery replaced with sharecropping and tenant farming • Little social & political progress – Ku Klux Klan (1866) – Poll taxes (1871) & Literacy tests (1890) – Grandfather clauses – Civil Rights Cases (1883) – Jim Crow laws (de jure segregation) – Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) To what extent was Reconstruction a turning point in the lives of African Americans?