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Download Chapter 18 Section 2, The Civil War Begins, P. 376
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Name: Date: Period: Chapter 18 Section 2, The Civil War Begins, P. 376 Key Terms 1. Regiments: units of around 1,000 soldiers; Texas soldiers usually joined regiments with men from their hometowns or counties 2. B.F. Terry: led a regiment of Texas cavalry called Terry’s Texas Rangers 3. John Bell Hood: led a regiment of Texans called Hood’s Texas Brigade; it became a lead unit in the Army of Northern Virginia and fought in some of the most important battles of the war 4. Albert Sidney Johnston: 2nd-highest-ranking officer in the Confederacy until his death at the Battle of Shiloh 5. Thomas Green: became a brigadier general in the Confederate army 6. Cotton Diplomacy: tactic used by southern leaders to secure foreign support during the Civil War by withholding cotton shipments to other nations until they offered aid 7. Ironclads: ships used during the Civil War that were heavily armored with iron plates; they supported Union General Grant by blocking the Mississippi River during the Siege of Vicksburg Main Idea Questions 1. After Fort Sumter surrendered, what did Abraham Lincoln do? What did several southern states do in response? He requested 75,000 Union volunteers to put down the Southern rebellion; VA, AR, TN, NC seceded from the U.S. 2. By the end of 1861, some 25,000 Texans were in the Confederate army. 3. Describe what occurred between Ben McCullough and David E. Twiggs in San Antonio in February 1861: Texas forces led by McCullough surrounded U.S. Commander Twiggs’ headquarters in San Antonio and demanded all federal property in Texas (over $1 million in military supplies) be turned over to the Confederacy 4. What were some industries established in Texas to get ready for the war? Mills for making gunpowder, cannon and ammunition factories, iron foundries, clothing mills for uniforms and tents 5. What were some advantages the North had at the beginning of the war? Higher population (more soldiers), more railroads (easier to move troops and supplies), more factories (more weapons and supplies could be made), established government (ready for war and to raise money for war) 6. What were some advantages the South had at the beginning of the war? Experienced military leaders, soldiers experienced at riding horses and using firearms 7. At the beginning of the conflict, what was the Confederacy’s strategy? To stay on the defensive and wear down the Union’s will to fight and get war supplies from Europe 8. What were the three main features/goals of the Union’s strategy? 1) Naval blockade of the southern coastline to cutoff delivery of supplies, 2) Take control of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two and isolate the food-producing states of TX, LA, and AR, 3) capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA 9. The major battles of the war took place east of the Mississippi River. 10. Which side won the Battle of Antietam? Union 11. Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the war? Confederate General Lee was on the defensive for the rest of the war 12. Which important Texan was killed at the Battle of Shiloh? Albert Sidney Johnston 13. What happened to the Confederacy when Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, 1863? The Confederacy was split in two and supplies could not get from AR, TX, and LA to the battlegrounds in the East