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Note 11 Topographic Maps Cont.... Map Scales: Tells you how much surface area is covered by map Fractional Map Scale: i.e. 1:24,000 means that 1 inch of map equals 24,000 inches on Earth Graphic (Bar) Scale: shows relationship between map and distance on Earth like miles or km ex. 1 inch = 20 miles This bar scale tells you that how much of map is equivalent to 1 mile Latitude: Angular distance North or South of Equator Longitude: Angular Distance East or West from Meridian (Reference Pt: Greenwich, England) Latitude - Lines of latitude are circular bands running east and west parallel to the equator. - Lines of latitude are designated from zero to 90 degrees north and south of the Equator. Longitude - Lines of longitude are circular bands which run north and south through the two poles. - Lines of longitude are designated from zero to 180 degrees east and west of the Greenwich Observatory in London, England. Contour Lines on Topographic Maps * Contour lines mark areas of equal elevation Rules: 1. Never branches or splits 2. Steep slopes = closely spaced contour lines 3. Never cross but can merge to show a cliff 4. Hills are pictured by concentric circles of contour lines 5. Craters or depressions are marked with closed circles with hatch marks 6. Contour lines that cross stream channels form a āVā that points upstream Related Info: A. Slope= elevation change ÷ distance for elevation change Ex. Mtn rises 500 ft in 2 miles slope = 250 ft / mile B. Relief= Difference in elevation between highest and lowest point on map Ex. ( Death Valley, Telescope Peak = 11,014' Badwater = -23' Relief is 11,037 ft