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Chapter 08 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Human Anatomy & Physiology 5/2/2017 08.1 Endocrine System Introduction A. Nervous System vs. Endocrine System The Endocrine System is one of the ‘silent’ systems that plays a major role in our lives every day. It works much quieter than the nervous system, but its role is to communicate and coordinate organs and tissues in the body. We know that both the nervous system and endocrine system communicate and coordinate the body’s tissues, but they work differently in how they communicate and the window of time they make changes in those tissues. Draw the following: N.S. (direct) Endocrine (indirect) Use the following information to fill out the above T chart. Uses: NS: electrical change Endo: Hormones that travel in the blood Controls: NS: muscles & some glands Endo: Tissues (regulatory action & homeostasis 08.1 Endocrine System Introduction 1 of 4 Feedback: NS: quick!!!!!!! Example of speed: using a phone to call someone. Endo: seconds (ie adrenaline) to months. Example of speed: mailing a letter to someone How can both the nervous and endocrine system control and communicate, but differ in the time it takes to make those changes? The answer: The nervous systems uses direct wiring (neurons) to communicate to the tissue and the endocrine system uses chemical messengers (hormones) that use the blood circulation to deliver their instructions. An example to show the difference in timing: The nervous system is much like a phone call. We dial in the number (which is the receptor for who we want to talk to) and we get to deliver our message instantly to the person. The endocrine system is much like using the post office (‘snail mail’ as it is referred to in this day). I will mail a letter to ‘John’ and in order to get this letter to him, I must place his address on the envelope. The address is now the ‘receptor’ for his house. I place the letter into the ‘circulation’ of all letters in the area. His ‘address’ helps the postal office find his house in a couple of days to deliver the message. Now…much like the postal office’s options of priority and express mail, the endocrine system can also speed up delivery of certain messages based on importance. Now we can see the mechanism of message delivery for the nervous vs. endocrine! B. The makeup of Endocrine Glands: 1. The ‘ductless gland’: Endocrine glands are referred to as ‘ductless glands’ because they do not secrete their product (which is always a hormone) outside of itself through a tube or duct. Instead, these glands make their product and capillaries come into (endo-) the gland and pick up the product. A tube or duct is not needed and therefore the gland is ‘ductless’. 08.1 Endocrine System Introduction 2 of 4 Helpful Hints: Endo- refers to inside. Blood must go inside the gland to pick up the product. Endocrine glands are made of cuboidal cells and always release hormones! 2. Who are the Endocrine Glands that affect our life? - INSERT picture of the placement of the endocrine glands & get two different map/marker colors. - The first color represents the ‘true’ endocrine glands, which means this is the only job…to be an endocrine gland. - The second color represents glands that have other functions, but also have endocrine tissue within. Do not color these the same color as seen in the picture: 08.1 Endocrine System Introduction 3 of 4 Identification of the Endocrine Glands: 1. Hypothalamus: Even though the Pituitary is known as the “Master Gland”, the hypothalamus sits below the midbrain and is known as a neuroendocrine organ. 2. Pituitary Gland: This gland is known as the “Master Gland” (or Boss Gland by some brilliant individuals). It is also known as the Hypophysis. 3. Pineal Gland 4. Thyroid Gland 5. Parathyroid Glands 6. Thymus Gland 7. Adrenal Glands 8. Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas 9. Ovaries 10. Testes Remember to: Reduce, Recite, Reflect, & Review! Make your Flashcards & Study 3 x 5! 08.1 Endocrine System Introduction 4 of 4