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Madeley High School
P3 H Keeping it moving 60 mins
Q1.(a)
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
There are two types of traditional transformer; step-up and step-down.
Describe the similarities and differences between a step-up transformer and a
step-down transformer.
You should include details of:
•
construction, including materials used
•
the effect the transformer has on the input potential difference (p.d.).
You should not draw a diagram.
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(6)
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(b)
The figure below shows a mobile phone and charger.
Mobile phone chargers use a different type of transformer, which is smaller and
lighter than a traditional transformer.
What name is given to the type of transformer used in a mobile phone charger?
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(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q2.
(a)
The drawing shows the plug for operating a radio from
the mains.
This plug contains a transformer. There are 4600 turns on its
primary coil and 200 turns on its secondary coil. The plug is
used on the mains supply and has a potential difference
(p.d.) of 230 V across its primary coil.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the p.d. across the secondary coil of the
transformer.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
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p.d. across secondary = ................................... V
(2)
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(b)
The coils of the transformer are made of insulated wire.
Why is the wire insulated?
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(1)
(c)
(i)
What material is the core of a transformer made from?
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(1)
(ii)
Why is the core made from this material?
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3.
(a)
Name a material that could be used to make the outside case of the plug.
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Give a reason for your choice.
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(2)
(b)
To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put
them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.
Some electrical circuits are protected by a circuit breaker. These switch the circuit
off if a fault causes a larger than normal current to flow. The diagram shows one
type of circuit breaker. A normal current (15 A) is flowing.
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Source: adapted from V. PRUDEN and K. HIRST, AQA GCSE Sceince
Reproduced by permission of Hodder and Soughton Educational Ltd
Explain what happens when a current larger than 15A flows. The answer has been
started for you.
When the current goes above 15 A, the electromagnet becomes stronger and
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(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q4.
The diagram below shows a door lock which can be opened from a flat inside a
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building.
(a)
Explain how the door is unlocked when the switch is closed.
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(4)
(b)
State two changes which would increase the strength of the electromagnet.
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2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Why is the spring needed in the lock?
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(1)
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(d)
The connections to the coil were accidentally reversed. Would the lock still work?
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Explain your answer.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q5.
Many electrical appliances use the circular motion produced by their electric motor.
(a)
Put ticks ( ) in the boxes next to all the appliances in the list which have an electric
motor.
electric drill
electric fan
electric food mixer
electric iron
electric kettle
electric screwdriver
(2)
(b)
One simple design of an electric motor is shown in the diagram. It has a coil which
spins between the ends of a magnet.
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(i)
Give two ways of reversing the direction of the forces on the coil in the electric
motor.
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(2)
(ii)
Give two ways of increasing the forces on the coil in the electric motor.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
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Q6.
(a)
The drawing shows a small transformer used to recharge the battery in a 4.2 V
mobile phone from a 230 V mains supply.
Explain how you know that this is a step-down transformer.
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(1)
(b)
A transformer consists of an insulated coil of wire, called the primary coil, on one
side of a core. Another coil of insulated wire, called the secondary coil, is on the
other side.
Give two features of the core.
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2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 3 marks)
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Q7.
(a)
A laboratory technician sets up a demonstration.
A flexible wire is suspended between the ends of a horseshoe magnet. The flexible
wire hangs from a cotton thread. When the switch is closed, the wire kicks forward.
Identify the effect which is being demonstrated.
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(1)
(b)
A teacher makes some changes to the set-up of the demonstration.
What effect, if any, will each of the following changes have?
(i)
more powerful horseshoe magnet is used.
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(1)
(ii)
The connections to the power supply are reversed.
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(1)
(Total 3 marks)
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Q8.
(a)
In the National Grid, very large step-up transformers link power stations to the
transmission cables.
A transformer used for this purpose has 800 turns on its primary coil and 12 800
turns on its secondary coil. The p.d. (potential difference) across its primary coil is
25 kV.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the p.d. across its secondary coil.
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
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p.d. across secondary coil = .......................................................
(3)
(b)
The primary and secondary coils of a transformer are made of insulated wire.
Why is this insulation necessary?
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(1)
(c)
Describe what happens when an alternating potential difference is applied across
the primary coil of a transformer.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
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Q9.Batteries inside laptop computers are charged using laptop chargers. The laptop charger
contains a traditional transformer.
(a)
The alternating current flowing through the primary coil of the transformer creates
an alternating current in the secondary coil.
Explain how.
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(3)
(b)
(i)
Use information from the diagram to calculate the potential difference the
charger supplies to the laptop.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
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Potential difference = .......................................................... V
(2)
(ii)
Calculate the current in the primary coil of the transformer when the laptop is
being charged.
Assume the transformer is 100% efficient.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
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Current = .......................................................... A
(2)
(c)
Switch mode transformers can be used in mobile phone chargers.
Switch mode transformers and
traditional transformers can both use the
UK mains supply.
The switch mode transformer is smaller
and lighter than the traditional
transformer used in the laptop charger.
Give one other advantage of the switch
mode transformer.
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(1)
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(d)
Laptop batteries and mobile phone batteries can only be recharged a limited
number of times. After this, the batteries cannot store enough charge to be useful.
Scientists are developing new batteries that can be recharged many more times
than existing batteries.
Suggest one other advantage of developing these new batteries.
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Q10.The diagram shows apparatus set up by a student.
Closing the switch creates a force that acts on the wire XY.
(a)
(i)
Explain why a force acts on the wire XY when the switch is closed.
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(3)
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(ii) The force causes the wire XY to move.
Draw an arrow on the diagram above to show the direction in which the wire XY will
move.
(1)
(iii)
State the effect that this experiment demonstrates.
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(1)
(b)
The student replaced the battery with a low frequency alternating current (a.c.)
power supply.
The student closed the switch.
(i)
Describe the movement of the wire.
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(1)
(ii)
Give a reason for your answer to part (i).
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(1)
(Total 7 marks)
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M1.(a)
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written Communication
(QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response. Examiners should also apply a
‘best-fit’ approach to the marking.
0 marks
No relevant / correct content.
Level 1 (1–2 marks)
Either there is an attempt at a description of the construction of a transformer
or
a correct statement of the effect of one type of transformer on the input p.d.
Level 2 (3–4 marks)
There is a description of the construction of a transformer
and
a correct statement of the effect of one type of transformer on the input p.d.
Level 3 (5–6 marks)
There is a clear description of the construction of a transformer
and
there is a correct description of how transformers affect the input p.d.
details of construction:
extra information
a (laminated) core
core is made from a magnetic material / iron
2 coils
the coils are made from an electrical conductor / copper
the coils are covered in plastic / insulation
the coils are (usually) on opposite sides
step-up transformer has more turns on secondary coil than (its) primary (or
vice versa)
step-down transformer has fewer turns on secondary coil than (its) primary (or
vice versa)
effect on input p.d. :
step-up transformer, the output p.d. is greater (than the input p.d.)
accept voltage for p.d.
step-down transformer, the output p.d. is lower (than the input p.d.)
6
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(b)
switch mode (transformer)
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[7]
M2.
(a)
10
allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie
2
(b)
any one from:
•
•
to prevent short circuiting
to ensure that the current flows / goes round the coil
•
to prevent the current entering the core
do not accept electrocution
do not accept electricity for current
answers including heat / energy loss negate mark
1
(c)
(i)
(soft) iron
do not accept ‘steel’
1
(ii)
can be magnetised
because it is magnetic
answers including it’s a conductor negate mark
1
[5]
M3.
(a)
plastic or rubber
accept any named plastic
do not accept wood
1
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it is a (good) insulator or it is a poor conductor
ignore mention of heat if in conjunction with electricity
1
(b)
The answer to this question requires ideas in good English in a
sensible order with correct use of scientific terms. Quality of written
communication should be considered in crediting points in the mark scheme.
Maximum of 2 marks if ideas not well expressed.
pulls iron bolt down or attracts the iron bolt or moves bolt out of plunger
answers in terms of charges attracting
or repelling gain no credit
1
plunger pushed / moved to the right (by spring) or plunger released
1
push switch opens / goes to off / goes to right
accept circuit is broken
for maximum credit the points must follow a logical sequence
3 correct points but incorrect sequence scores 2 marks only
ignore reset action
1
[5]
M4.
(a)
current flows
coil / core magnetised / electromagnet activated / energised / turned on
attracts iron bar causing bolt to be pulled out
each for 1 mark
4
(b)
more turns
bigger current / e.m.f
softer iron core
any two for 1 mark each
2
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(c)
to relock door / return iron bar / to lock door
for 1 mark
1
(d)
iron bar would still be attracted / coil still magnetised so still works
for 1 mark each
yes + wrong answer
0 marks
yes + current still flows
1 mark
yes + still magnetised / iron bar still attracted
2 marks
2
[9]
M5.
(a)
electric drill, electric fan, electric food mixer and electric screwdriver
all four ticked and no others (2)
either all four of these ticked and only one other (1)
or any three of these ticked and none/one/two of the others
(1)
2
(b)
(i)
reverse (the direction of the) current (1)
or reverse the connections (to the battery)
reverse (the direction of the) magnetic field (1)
or reverse the (magnetic) poles /ends
do not credit ‘swap the magnets (around)’
2
(ii)
•
any two from:
increase the strength of the magnet(s)/(magnetic) field
do not credit ‘use a bigger magnet’
•
increase the current
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Madeley High School
allow ‘increase the voltage/p.d.’
allow add cells/batteries
allow increase the (electrical) energy
allow increase the power supply
allow ‘decrease the resistance’
allow ‘increase charge’
allow ‘ increase the electricity’
do not credit ‘use a bigger battery’
•
•
reduce the gap (between coil/armature
and poles/magnets)
allow increase the (number of) coils
increase the turns (on the coil/armature)
do not credit ‘use a bigger coil’
2
[6]
M6.
(a)
output voltage less than (the) input voltage
or p.d. across output less that p.d.
across input or output is (only) 4.2 V
(whereas) the input is 230V
or WTTE (words to that effect)
1
(b)
any two from
(made of soft) iron
laminated
or designed to reduce eddy currents
or made of thin slices with slices of insulating material
between them
core(s) joined to make a ring
2
[3]
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Madeley High School
M7.
(a)
motor (effect)
1
(b)
(i)
wire kicks further (forward)
accept moves for kicks
accept moves more
accept ‘force (on the wire) increased’
1
(ii)
wire kicks back(wards) / into (the space in) the (horseshoe) magnet
accept moves for kicks
accept ‘direction of force reversed’
1
[3]
M8.
(a)
400 000
allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie
or
2
volt(s) / V
an answer 400 gains 2 marks
an answer 400 kilovolts / kV gains 3 marks
although the unit mark is independent to gain 3 marks it must
be consistent with the numerical value
1
(b)
any one from:
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Madeley High School
do not accept any response in terms of heat insulation,
safety or electric shock
•
•
•
(so that there is) no short circuit
(so that the) current goes round the coil
do not accept electricity for current
(so that the) current does not enter the core
1
(c)
(the alternating p.d. in the primary causes) an (alternating)
current in the primary
reference to the current in the core negates this mark
1
(causes an) alternating / changing (magnetic) field in the (iron) core
1
induces (alternating) p.d. across the secondary (coil)
accept in / through or similar for across
accept current for p.d.
accept output (coil) for secondary (coil)
to gain 3 marks the sequence must be correct
1
[7]
M9.(a)
(the alternating current creates) a changing / alternating magnetic field
1
(magnetic field) in the (iron) core
accept that links with the secondary coil
current in the core negates this mark
1
(causing a) potential difference (to be) induced in / across secondary coil
accept voltage for p.d.
1
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Madeley High School
(b)
(i)
20
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie
or
2
(ii)
0.3
or
correct calculation using 230 × Ip = their (b)(i) × 3.45
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie
230 × Ip = 20 × 3.45
allow ecf from (b)(i) for 20
OR
substitution into this equation
2
(c)
(switch mode transformers) use (very) little power / current / energy when
switched on but no load is applied
accept no for little
ignore it is more portable
do not accept electricity for power / current / energy
orit is more efficient
accept does not get as hot or less heat produced
1
(d)
•
any one from:
fewer (waste) batteries have to be sent to / buried in land-fill
•
the soil is polluted less by batteries in land-fill
•
fewer (waste) batteries have to be recycled
•
•
•
fewer batteries have to be made
less raw materials are used in making batteries
customers have to replace their batteries less often
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longer lifetime is insufficient
•
customers have to buy fewer (replacement) batteries
it costs less is insufficient
1
[9]
M10.(a)
(i)
(closing the switch makes) a current (through the wire)
1
(the current flowing) creates a magnetic field (around the wire)
1
this field interacts with the permanent magnetic field
accept links / crosses attracts / repels is insufficient
1
(ii) arrow drawn showing upwards force on XY
judge vertical by eye the arrow must be on or close to the
wire XY
1
(iii) motor
accept catapult
1
(b)
(i)
the wire moves up and down
or
the wire vibrates
back and forth or side to side is insufficient for vibrate
1
(ii)
the force (continually) changes direction (from upwards to downwards,
on the wire)
accept the direction of the magnetic field (of the wire)
changes
1
[7]
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