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Chapter 27: Cold War America 1945-1960 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Chapter 27 Learning Objectives What were the origins of the Cold War? Explain its broad ideological, economic, political, & military components. Analyze & discuss America’s plans of containment & economic aid & the consequent events that characterized foreign affairs between 1945-1852. What were the causes, conduct, & consequences of the Korean War? How did the Cold War affect domestic economic & political affairs in the 1950s? How & why did civil rights emerge as a national domestic issue after 1945? Yalta Conference Sets the Stage for the Cold War BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954." unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ The Cold War 1945-1991: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations “Iron Curtain” GOAL spread worldwide Communism METHODOLOGIES: US & Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] 1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] 2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars” 4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact] The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946 Post-War Germany Section 1: The Cold War Abroad What factors gave rise to the Cold War between the United States & the Soviet Union? What were the key aspects of the Truman Doctrine? What were the key aspects of the Marshall plan? What was the Berlin Blockade & Berlin Airlift? What was the significance of this event? What was NATO? What was the Warsaw Pact? Truman Doctrine 1947 1. Civil War in Greece. 2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. 3. The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. 4. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid. Truman Doctrine 1947 Marshall Plan 1948 1. “European Recovery Program.” 2. Secretary of State, George Marshall 3. The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. 4. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected]. Marshall Plan 1948 Poster designed to build support for the Marshall Plan Berlin Blockade & Airlift 1948-1949 Berlin Blockade & Airlift 1948-1949 BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954." unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?” The Soviet Union exploded its first Abomb in 1949. Now there were two nuclear superpowers! North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 v United States v Luxemburg v Belgium v Netherlands v Britain v Norway v Canada v Portugal v Denmark v v France 1952: Greece & Turkey v Iceland v 1955: West Germany v Italy v 1983: Spain Warsaw Pact 1955 U. S. S. R. East Germany Albania Hungary Bulgaria Poland Czechoslovakia Rumania Mao’s Revolution-the Establishment of the People’s Republic of China: 1949 Who lost China? Mao’s Revolution-the Establishment of the People’s Republic of China: 1949 Mao Zedong BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954." unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Korean War 1950-1953 What impact did NSC-68 & and the Korean War have on the development of Cold War American defense policy? How did the Korean War demonstrate the strengths & weaknesses of the new United Nations? Why did President Truman & General Douglas MacArthur clash during the Korean War? Was the Korean War a successful demonstration of the Truman Doctrine & Containment or a failure? Korean War 1950-1953 BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954." unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/