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Name: ______________________ Parent Signature: _____________________ Must be signed and turned in on time for points Electricity Study Guide Test Date: Monday, May 23rd □ Electricity: The flow of electrons from one atom to another. □ Static Electricity: It is created by rubbing objects together. During this process, electrons are rubbed loose from some atoms creating a positive charge, while other atoms gain electrons, creating a negative charge. Opposites attract--positive and negative charges attract each other creating static cling. When objects (such as your finger) are charged and then touch another object such as a doorknob, electrons jump to the door and you feel a zap! □ Circuit: The round trip path of electricity from its source and back to its source. □ Closed circuit: A complete electrical path. □ Open circuit: An electrical path with an opening that electricity can’t get past, cutting off power to the outlet. An open circuit occurs when a wire is cut, a filament is broken (see below), a fuse melts (see below) a switch is turned off, etc. □ Short circuit: Two paths cross, creating a new path short of the destination. Power never makes it to the destination (such as a lightbulb). □ Switch: A device that opens/closes the circuit. □ Filament: A fine wire stretched between two wires of a light bulb (part of the circuit). The resistance of the fine wire to electrical flow causes electrons to pile up on the wire, vibrate, get hot, and glow. □ Fuse: A strip of metal that easily melts if the circuit gets too hot, opening the circuit and cutting off the power supply. A safeguard. □ Conductor: A material that makes a good path for electricity. Metal is the best conductor. Copper is used in electrical wiring. □ Insulator: A material that makes a poor path for electricity. □ Electromagnet: Created when an electric current passes through a coil of wire. You can make a simple electromagnet by wrapping a wire 9 or more times around a nail, then connecting both ends of the wire to both ends of a battery. The flow of electrons through the coil creates a magnetic field. Common uses—doorbells, loud speakers, junkyard crane. □ Electrical safety: Remember that metal, water, and humans are very good conductors of electricity. With that in mind, study the following rules: -Never plug in a hair dryer, radio, television, or other electrical device near a sink, tub or pool full of water. -Never put a knife, screw driver, or really any device inside an electrical outlet. -Never put a knife inside a toaster that is plugged in. -Never try to take apart or fix an electrical appliance while it is plugged in. -Never climb a tree that has a power line running through it. Also stay away from the power line that connects to your house. Stay away from all power lines. -If a storm causes a power line to break, DO NOT TOUCH IT! -Watch for “High Voltage” signs on buildings or walls. STAY OUT! □ Michael Faraday: A scientist of the 1800’s who made the first generator which made electricity easier and cheaper to obtain. Simple Circuit Simple Electromagnet