Download SILICON History Silicon is the most common metalloid. It is a

SILICON
History
Silicon is the most common metalloid. It is a chemical element, which has the symbol Si and
atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, it is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon.
Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the
pure free element in nature. It is more widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids and planets
as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. In Earth's crust, silicon is the second most
abundant element after oxygen, making up 27.7% of the crust by mass.
Properties of Silicon
Silicon has many industrial uses. It is the principal component of most semiconductor devices,
most importantly integrated circuits or microchips. Silicon is widely used in semiconductors
because it remains a semiconductor at higher temperatures than the semiconductor germanium
and because its native oxide is easily grown in a furnace and forms a better
semiconductor/dielectric interface than any other material. In the form of silica and silicates,
silicon forms useful glasses, cements, and ceramics. It is also a constituent of silicones, a classname for various synthetic plastic substances made of silicon, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen,
often confused with silicon itself.
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